MaritimeTransportation
DEDICATION
To my mentor, Stian Erichsen.
MaritimeTransportation Safety Management and Risk Analysis Svein Kristiansen
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2005 Copyright ß 2005, Svein Kristiansen. All rights reserved The right of Svein Kristiansen to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (þ44) 1865 843830, fax: (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail:
[email protected] You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 07506 59998 Cover images: Berggren, B. et al. (eds.) 1989, Norwegian Shipping (In Norwegian: Norsk Sjøfart). Vol. 1, p. 135. Dreyers Forlag, Oslo. For information on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http://books.elsevier.com Typeset by Keyword Typesetting Services Ltd. Printed and bound in Great Britain
CONTENTS
Preface
x
PART I BACKGROUND
1
1
Introduction 1.1 International Trade and Shipping 1.2 The Actors in Shipping 1.3 The Shipowner 1.4 Safety and Economy 1.5 Maritime Safety Regime 1.6 Why Safety Improvement is Difficult 1.7 The Risk Concept 1.8 Acceptable Risk 1.9 Conflict of Interest 1.10 Expertise and Rationality
3 3 3 4 6 9 9 12 13 14 14
2
Maritime