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This is a text for an introductory college physics class, covering conservation of energy, momentum, and angular momentum. The treatment is algebra-based, with applications of calculus discussed in optional sections. For more information about this book, see its web page.
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Conservation Laws Benjamin Crowell
Book 2 in the Light and Matter series of free introductory physics textbooks www.lightandmatter.com
Conservation Laws
The Light and Matter series of introductory physics textbooks: 1 2 3 4 5 6
Newtonian Physics Conservation Laws Vibrations and Waves Electricity and Magnetism Optics The Modern Revolution in Physics
Conservation Laws Benjamin Crowell
www.lightandmatter.com
Light and Matter
Fullerton, California www.lightandmatter.com
copyright 1998-2004 Benjamin Crowell edition 2.2 rev. April 13, 2005
This book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, version 1.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/, except for those photographs and drawings of which I am not the author, as listed in the photo credits. If you agree to the license, it grants you certain privileges that you would not otherwise have, such as the right to copy the book, or download the digital version free of charge from www.lightandmatter.com.
ISBN 0-9704670-2-8
To Uri Haber-Schaim, John Dodge, Robert Gardner, and Edward Shore.
Brief Contents 1 2 3 4 5 A
Conservation of Energy 13 Simplifying the Energy Zoo 33 Work: The Transfer of Mechanical Energy 47 Conservation of Momentum 73 Conservation of Angular Momentum 103 Thermodynamics 135
Contents 1 Conservation of Energy 1.1 The Search for a Perpetual Machine . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Energy . . . . . . . . . 1.3 A Numerical Scale of Energy
no work., 54.—Forces at oth