Banned Plays: Censorship Histories Of 125 Stage Dramas (facts On File Library Of World Literature)


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BANNED PLAYS banned plays CENSORSHIP HISTORIES OF 125 Stage Dramas D AWN B . S OVA Banned Plays Copyright © 2004 by Dawn B. Sova All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sova, Dawn B. Banned Plays : censorship histories of 125 stage dramas / Dawn B. Sova p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4018-4 1. Theater—Censorship—History. 2. Drama—Censorship—History. I. Title. PN2042.S68 2003 792′.09—dc22 2003063113 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Catherine Lau Hunt Printed in the United States of America MP Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. This Book Is Dedicated to the Memory of a Man Who Always Refused to Allow Himself to Be Censored, My Father, Emil J. Sova CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi List of Entries xv BANNED PLAYS 1 Bibliography 329 Appendixes I. Playwrights’ Profiles 349 II. Reasons for Banning 375 III. 100 Additional Challenged, Censored, or Banned Plays 378 Index 381 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am profoundly grateful to the many people who made certain that this project would be completed and who urged me to continue when many obstacles appeared to stand in the way. So many cannot be named, but to them, as well as to the people listed below, I can only say “Thank you.” My sincere appreciation belongs to Bert Holtje, who began the project with me, and for over a decade wisely guided my writing projects as literary agent and friend. A grateful thank you to Gene Brissie, who became my literary agent mid-project and who had the difficult role of supporting and encouraging the completion of this work. I appreciate the work of editors Anne Savarese, who initiated the project with me, and Jeff Soloway, who assumed guardianship of the book midstream and kept my writing going against all odds with his helpful and insightful suggestions and encouragement. To I. Macarthur Nickles, director of the Garfield (New Jersey) Public Library, I can only say thank you once again for your help and that of your staff, including but not limited to Kathleen Zalenski, Patricia Gelinski, Karen Calendriello, and Linda Jackson, who found the obscure sources that the book required. The residents of my hometown, Garfield, New Jersey, are fortunate to have you. Most significantly, I have to thank my son, Robert Gregor, and my mother, Violet Sova, for their patience with me as I often lost my way with the research and my patience with the details of daily life. We grieved together the death of my father, Emil J. Sova, which occurred soon after I began work on this book and we became stronger together. And, to my father, I dedicate the completion of this book. In selecting entries for this volume, the author sought to represent within the reasonable space of a single book the many centuries and diverse countries in which censorship of plays has occurred. Many more plays could have been selected, and much more could have been written, because the number of censorship incidents is vast and the number of plays suppressed significant. Instead, those included are representative of the works and the incidents throughout 2,500 years of theater. To aid both the schol
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