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This work was created by Friedrich Blass, professor of classical philology at the University of Halle-Wittenberg, and was continued after his death by Albert Debrunner, professor of Indo-European and classical philology at the University of Bern until his retirement in 1954. The grammar has passed through ten editions from 1896 to 1960. Robert W. Funk, in translating this long-established classic, has also revised it and, in doing so, has incorporated the notes which Professor Debrunner had prepared for a new German edition on which he was working at the time of his death in 1958. Dr. Funk has also had the co-operation of leading British, Continental, and American scholars. The translation places in the hands of English-speaking students a book that belongs in their libraries and in the libraries of every theologian, philologist and pastor alongside the Gingrich-Danker Greek-English Lexicon. This grammar sets the Greek of the New Testament in the context of Hellenistic Greek and compares and contrasts it with the classical norms. It relates to the New Testament language to its Semitic background, to Greek dialects, and to Latin and has been kept fully abreast of latest developments and manuscript discoveries. It is at no point exclusively dependent on modern editions of the Greek New Testament text but considers variant readings wherever they are significant. It is designed to compress the greatest amount of information into the smallest amount of space consistent with clarity. There are subsections discussing difficult or disputed points and copious citations of primary texts in addition to generous bibliographies for those who wish to pursue specific items further.
E-Book Content
A
GREEK GRAMMAR OF T H E
NEW
TESTAMENT
and Other Early Christian Literature F. BLASS AND A. DEBRUNNER A Translation and Revision of the ninth-tenth German edition incorporating supplementary notes of A. Debrunner|" by R O B E R T W. F U N K
C A M B R I D G E A T
T H E
T H E
U N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T Y
O F
C H I C A G O ,
P R E S S
C H I C A G O
I L L I N O I S
1 9 6 1
P R E S S
This work was published originally as
Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, Germany
International Standard Book Number: 0-226-27110-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-8077 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO 60637 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, LTD., LONDON © 1961 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1961.
CONTENTS §§
PAGE From the Preface to the Fourth Edition
ix
Preface to the English Edition
xi
TABLES OF ABBREVIATIONS (A) Primary Texts I. The New Testament, the Apostolic Fathers, and the Other Early Christian Literature II. The Septuagint III. Greek and Latin Texts and Authors IV. Papyri and Inscriptions (B) Literature V. Modern Literature VI. Periodicals (C) General and Special Abbreviations VII. General Abbreviations VIII. Special Abbreviations 1–7
8–42
43–126
xxv xxxiii xxxvi xxxvii
INTRODUCTION (1) ‘New Testament Greek’ (2) The Koine (3) The Place of the NT within Hellenistic Greek
8–16 17–21 22–28 29–35 36–42
xvii xviii xix xxiii
1 1 2
PART I. PHONOLOGY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
On Orthography Phonetics in Composition Major Vowel Changes Other Sound Changes On the Transliteration of Foreign Words
7 11 13 15 20
PART II. ACCIDENCE AND WORD-FORMATION
43–64 1. Declension 43 (1) First Declension 44 (2) Second Declension 45 (3) Contracted Forms of the First and Second Declensions 46–48 (4) Third Declension 49–52 (5) Metaplasm (Fluctuation of Declension) 53–58 (6) De