ADVANCES IN Immunology VOLUME 64 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN Immunology EDITED BY FRANK J. DlXON Research Institute of Scripps Clinic l a Jolla. California ASSOCIATE EDITORS Frederick Alt K. Frank Austen Tadamitsu Kishimot0 Fritz Melchers Jonathan W. Uhr VOLUME 64 W ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1997 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the f i t page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive. Danvers, Massachusetts 01923). for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-1997 chapters are as shown on the title pages, if no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0065-2776197 $25.00 Academic Press a division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www .apnet .corn Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NW 1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ International Standard Book Number: 0-12-022464-X PRINTED IN THE UNlTEDSTATES OF AMERICA 97 9 8 9 9 00 01 0 2 E B 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS ix CONTRIBUTOHS Proteasomes and Antigen Processing KEIJI TANAKA, NOBUYUKI TANAHASHI, CHIZUKO TSURUMI, KIN-YAYOKOTA, NAOKISILIMBARA AND I. 11. 111. IV. V. Introduction The TAP System The Ubiquitin System The Proteasome System Model for Generation of MHC Class I-Associated Peptides VI. Perspectives References 1 4 5 8 26 31 32 Recent Advances in Understanding V(D)J Recombination MARTINGELLERT I. Introduction 11. Baqic Properties 111. Broken DNA Molecules in V(D)J Recombination IV. Factors Involved in V(D)J Recombination V. Biochemistry of the First Steps of V(D)J Recombination VI. Biological Consequences References 39 39 42 44 51 59 61 The Role of Ets Transcription Factors in the Development and Function of the Mammalian Immune System ALEXANDERG. BASSUK AND JEFFREY M. LEIDEN I. 11. 111. IV. Introduction Structure of the Ets DNA-Binding Domain Ets Binding Sites in Immune/Immune-Related Genes Individual Ets Prot