Project Management As If People Mattered

Nature release PROJECT MANAGEMENT I F A S P E O P L E MATTE'RED Robert J. Graham & PRIMAVERA PRESS PROJECTMANAGEMENT AS IF PEOPLE MAlTERED Copyright O 1989 by Rohen J. Graham All rights reserved. No pan of this book may be reproduced or used in any manner or by any means--graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or in infomatinn storage and retrieval systems--without written permission from the publisher. Primavera Press Two Bala Plaza Bala Cynwyd. PA 19004 First PRIMAVERA PRESS edition 1989 A hardcover editinn of this book was published as PROJECT MANAGEMENT: COMBINING TECHNICAL AND BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMEVTATION by Von Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., in 1985. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Graham, Roben J.. 1946Project management as if people mattered/Roben J. Graham.-1st Rimavera Press ed. p. cm. Previous ed. published under title: Project management. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Industrial project management. I. Graham, Rohert J.. 1946Project management. 11. Tide. HD69.W5G679 1989 658.4'04--dc20 89-24230 ISBN 0-926282-00-X TO M Y PARENTS, JOHN AND MARY GRAHAM, CO-PROJECT MANAGERS EXTRAORDINAIRE ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Robert J. Graham is an independent management consultant and educator in project management, organizational creativity, and the implementation of change. He is also a Senior Associate at Primavera Systems in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. and the Strategic Management Group in Philadelphia. At the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Dr. Graham taught project management in the Wharton Executive Education Program. His work there stressed the importance of people in project management and rcsulted in this book. He was also a Research Associate with the Management and Behavioral Science Cenler. Dr. Graham holds a BS in Systems Analysis from Miami University, an MBA and PhD in Business Administration from the University of Cincinnati, and an MS in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Pennsylvania. Contents Preface / vii :l!. Introduction to the Project Management Phenomenon / 1 iL/ 2. Projects without Project Management / 24 5)Network Planning Techniques / 43 L' 4. Additional Project Planning Techniques / 64 3 5. Planning-People Interaction: Network Techniques and Team Building / 88 6. Planning-Control Interaction / 115 7. People-Control Interaction / 140 8. Matrix Organization / 163 9. Managing for Creativity / 183 10. Implementation of Project Management Techniques / 207 (Coauthored with Dennis J. Cohen, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania) Index / 229 Preface The Philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways: fhepoinf however, is to change it. Tombstone in Highgate Cemetery, London This book is about managing people, project management, and change, particularly change in management style for project managers. It is intended t o be read by new or prospective project managers, many of whom have been mismanaged on previous projects. The book was written with the intent of helping project managers develop a management style that does not perpetuate the bad management they experienced in the past. Most people who attain the project manager position will already have a particular management style, a habitual way that they view and respond to people and situations. Most likely, this style is not based on reasoned thinking about which style might be most effective for reaching the project manager's goals. It is also probably.not based on studies of human behavior in organizations. In fact, it may not be a result of conscious thought or conscious choice. Individual management style is usual