Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 20 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 20 Edited by J. H. S. BLAXTER Dunstagnage Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Scotland SIR FREDERICK S. RUSSELL Reading, England and SIR MAURICE YONGE Edinburgh, Scotland Academic Press 1982 A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers London New York Paris San Diego San Francisco Sydney Tokyo Toronto Siio Paulo ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 OVAL ROAD LONDON N W l 7DX U.S.Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10003 Copyright 0 1982 by Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. All rights reserved NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR. ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in marine biology.-Vol. 1 . Marine biology QH9 1 .A1 574.92’05 20 ISBN 0-12-026120-0 LCCCN 63- 14040 Typeset by Bath Typesetting Ltd., Bath and printed in Great Britain by St. Edmundsbury Press, Bury St. Edmunds, SulTolk CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 20 J. H. S. BLAXTER, Dunstafnage Marine Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 3, Oban, Argyll, PA34 4AD, Scotland. R. W. FURNESS, Zoology Department, Clasgow University, Glasgow GI2 8QQ, Scotland. J. R. HUNTER,Southwest Fisheries Center, P.O. Box 271, La Jolla, California 92038, U.S.A. R. F. VENTILLA, White Fish Authority, Marine Farming Unit, Ardtoe, Acharacle, Argyll, PH36 4LD, Scotland. This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME20 . . .. .. .. .. .. V The Biology of the Clupeoid Fishes J. H. S. BLAXTERAND J. R. HUNTER .. I. Introduction .. .. 3 11. .. .. Reproduction .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . A. Timing *. B. Frequency of spawning .. .. .. .. C. Fecundity and fish weight . . .. .. .. D. Fecundity and egg size .. .. .. .. E. Seasonal variation in egg size and larval survival .. .. .. . . F. First maturity .. G. Latitudinal variation .. .. .. .. H. Reproductive behaviour .. .. .. .. I. Spawning habitats . . .. . . . . . . J. Reproductive traits and larval survival . . .. .. 7 7 .. .. .. .. 111. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Feeding . . .. A. Larval fe.eding behaviour . . .. .. .. .. .. B. Larval prey .. .. C. Prey size, feeding success and selectivity . . D. Larval feeding rates and searching behaviour E. Larval feeding in the sea, die1 rhythms . . .. .. .. F. Adult prey .. .. G. Transition to adult feeding . . .. .. H. Adult feeding behaviour . . .. .. I. Thresholds and filtering rates .. .. J. Adult feeding rhythms .. .. .. . vi i I .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. *. .. .. .. .. 11 13