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Written by the inventor of the Gas Dynamic Spray (GDS) technique, this first monograph on the topic brings the understanding of the GDS coating formation process to a new qualitative nanostructural level, while introducing it to industrial and technological experts so that they can develop a new generation of coatings materials.Representing the results of over ten years of research in the field, the material discussed here covers nearly every aspect of the physical principles and applications of the GDS process, including topics in applied solid state physics, materials science, nanotechnology, and materials characterization.With contributions from researchers working in various laboratories, academic institutions and industries, this book is written for those wishing to apply this novel spraying technology in industry and who are involved in the development of new specific material properties, whether engineers or experts in the automotive, aircraft, household machinery, nuclear power, materials development or other industries.
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Roman Gr. Maev and Volf Leshchynsky Introduction to Low Pressure Gas Dynamic Spray
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Roman Gr. Maev and Volf Leshchynsky
Introduction to Low Pressure Gas Dynamic Spray Physics & Technology
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
The Authors Prof. Roman Maev NSERC Industrial Research Chair University of Windsor 401, Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada Dr. Volf Leshchynsky Dept. of Physics University of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at . ¤ 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. Composition Da-TeX, Gerd Blumenstein, Leipzig Printing Strauss GmbH, Mörlenbach Binding Litges& Dopf Buchbinderei GmbH, Heppenheim
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Printed on acid-free paper ISBN: 978-3-527-40659-3
V
Contents
Preface
XI 1
1
Introduction
1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.3
General Description 1 Overview of Competitive Technologies Coating Characterization 4 Flame Spraying 5 Arc Wire Spraying 6 Plasma Spraying 6 Rapid Prototyping 7 Plasma Deposition Manufacturing 8 Explosive Cladding 9 Concluding Remarks 10
2
Impact Features of Gas Dynamic Spray Technology Impact Phenomena in GDS 11 Main Features 11 Rebound and Erosion Processes 12 GDS Processes 16 One Particle Impact in GDS 17 Shear Localization Phenomenon 17 Adiabatic Shear In