Recent Developments On Debris Flows (lecture Notes In Earth Sciences)

Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences Editors: S. Bhattacharji, Brooklyn G. M. Friedman, Brooklyn and Troy H. J. Neugebauer, Bonn A. Seilacher, Tuebingen and Yale 64 S rin er B~iin g Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Ho ng Ko ng London Milan Santa Clara Singapore Paris Tokyo Aronne Armanini Masanori Michiue (Eds.) Recent Developments on Debris Flows Springer Editors Prof. Dr. Aronne Armanini Dept. of Civil Environmental Engineering University of Trent Via Mesiano di Povo, 77 1-38050 Trent, Italy Prof. Dr. Masanori Michiue Dept of Civil Engineering, Tottori University 101 Minami - 4 Koyama Tottori 680, Japan Text Editing and Layout Federica Pedrotti Department of Civil Environmental Engineering University of Trent Via Mesiano di Povo, 77 1-38050 Trent, Italy "For all Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences published till now please see final pages of the book" Cataloging-in-Publicationdata applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme R e c e n t d e v e l o p m e n t s o n debris f l o w s / A r o n n e A r m a n i n i ; M a s a n o r i M i c h i u e (ed.). - B e r l i n ; H e i d e l b e r g ; N e w Y o r k ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; S a n t a C l a r a ; S i n g a p o r e ; T o k y o : S p r i n g e r , 1997 (Lecture notes in earth sciences ; 64) ISBN 3-540-62466-X NE: A r m a n i n i , Aronne [Hrsg.]; G T ISSN 0930-0317 ISBN 3-540-62466-X Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag.Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. 9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready by F. Pedrotti SPIN: 10492908 32/3142-543210- Printed on acid-free paper Preface This work collects the recent papers discussed in the International Workshop on Debris Flows held in Kagoshima, Japan, in 1993, in response to the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction Program. Although the debris flow was called as a shadowy disaster about thirty years ago which often killed a few hundreds people, the recent studies are going to clarify the mechanism of the flow and the occurrence, and moreover the behaviour of debris flow disaster. In order to mitigate and prevent debris flow disasters, we should forecast the location and time for the occurrence of debris flow due to rainfall through the theoretical and empirical approaches. These forecasting methods can contribute to make plans of evacuation and to evacuate in real time inhabitants in mountain areas. Debris flow may be defined as a hyperoconcentrated flow of the mixture of water and sediment. Therefore, the characteristics of the flow are determined by the concentration, the grain size and hydra