European Union Foreign Policy: What It Is And What It Does

European Union Foreign Policy What it Is and What it Does Hazel Smith Pluto P Press LONDON • STERLING, VIRGINIA First published 2002 by Pluto Press 345 Archway Road, London N6 5AA and 22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166–2012, USA www.plutobooks.com Copyright © Hazel Smith 2002 The right of Hazel Smith to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7453 1870 3 hardback ISBN 0 7453 1869 X paperback Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Smith, Hazel, 1954– European Union foreign policy : what it is and what it does / Hazel Smith. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–7453–1870–3 (hardback) –– ISBN 0–7453–1869–X (pbk.) 1. European Union. 2. European Union countries––Foreign economic relations. 3. European Union countries––Foreign relations. 4. Europe––Foreign relations––1989– 5. International economic relations. I. Title. D1060 .S58 2002 341.7'094––dc21 2001005310 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Designed and produced for Pluto Press by Chase Publishing Services, Fortescue, Sidmouth EX10 9QG Typeset from disk by Stanford DTP Services, Towcester Printed in the European Union by Antony Rowe, Chippenham, England To my three wonderful sisters – Yvonne, Helen and Stephanie – with love and respect Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms Preface ix xiii 1 Does the European Union Have a Foreign Policy? 2 Laying the Groundwork: 1945–68 34 3 Institutionalising European Union Foreign Policy 63 4 How it Works in Practice 105 5 The European Union and the North 126 6 The European Union and the Neighbouring South 156 7 The European Union and the Distant South 183 8 The European Union in the New Europe 224 9 Guns or Butter? 267 Bibliography Index 1 276 281 Abbreviations and Acronyms ACP AIPO ALA ALADI AMU APEC ARF ASEAN ASEM BFTA CACM CAP CCP CEEC CEFTA CET CFSP CIS CJTF CMEA COMECOM COREPER Cost CSCE CSCM DG DPRK EAD EAPC EBRD ECHO ECSC EDC African, Caribbean and Pacific countries ASEAN Interparliamentary Organisation Asian and Latin American countries Latin American Integration Association Arab Maghreb Union Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum ASEAN Regional Forum Association of South-East Asian Nations Asia-Europe Meeting Baltic Free Trade Area Central American Common Market common agricultural policy common commercial policy Committee on European Economic Cooperation Central European Free Trade Area common external tariff Common Foreign and Security Policy Commonwealth of Independent States Combined Joint Task Force Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Council of Mutual Economic Assistance Committee of Permanent Representatives Cooperation in Science and Technology with Central and East European Countries Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe Conference on Security and Cooperation in the Mediterranean Directorate-General Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Euro-Arab Dialogue Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council European Bank for Reconstruction and Development European Community Humanitarian Office European Coal and Steel Community European Defence Community ix x European Union Foreign Policy EDF EEA EEC EFTA EIB EJC EMU EP EPC EPRD EPU ERASMUS ERP ESDI ESDP Euratom EUREKA FDI FPA FRG Fritalux FSU FTA FYR GATT GCC GRULA GSP H