TRAFFIC JAM Ten years of ‘sustainable’ transport in the UK Edited by Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw Foreword by Christian Wolmar Traffic jam Ten years of ‘sustainable’ transport in the UK Edited by Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw This edition published in Great Britain in 2008 by The Policy Press University of Bristol Fourth Floor Beacon House Queen’s Road Bristol BS8 1QU UK Tel +44 (0)117 331 4054 Fax +44 (0)117 331 4093 e-mail
[email protected] www.policypress.org.uk © The Policy Press 2008 All efforts have been made to contact holders of copyright; in the event of any inadvertent omission please contact the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested. ISBN 978 1 84742 072 5 paperback ISBN 978 1 84742 073 2 hardcover The right of Iain Docherty and Jon Shaw to be identified as editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act. All rights reserved: no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of The Policy Press. The statements and opinions contained within this publication are solely those of the editors and contributors and not of the University of Bristol or The Policy Press. The University of Bristol and The Policy Press disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any material published in this publication. The Policy Press works to counter discrimination on grounds of gender, race, disability, age and sexuality. Cover design by Qube Design, Bristol Front cover: image kindly supplied by www.alamy.com Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hobbs the Printers, Southampton To Dae Dawson, Kate Pangbourne, Andrew Carse, Julie Clark and Mags Currie, our splendid and industrious PhD students working on transport-related projects. What follows is one of the reasons we haven’t been as accessible as we would have liked. We hope you’ll se