ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH VOLUME 51 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH Edited by GEORGE KLEIN Department of Tumor Biology Karolinska lnstitutet Stockholm, Sweden SIDNEY WEINHOUSE Fels Research Institute Health Sciences Center Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Volume 51 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jownovich, Publishers San Diego New York Berkeley Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT 0 1988 BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMTlELl IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY IWEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRlTING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 1250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edition published t y ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD ISBN 0-12-006651-3 (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED S T A W OF AMERICA 88 89 90 91 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NUMBER: 52- 13360 CONTENTS .. PREFACE ix The Etiopathogenesis of Prostatic Cancer with Special Reference to Environmental Factors MAARTEN C. BOSLAND I. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. VII. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Descriptive Epidemiology . . . . . . . ............................ Animal Models for Prostatic Can . . . ......................... Environmental Factors: Life-style ............................ Non-Life-style Environmental Factors .................................. Endogenous Factors: The Hormonal Sptem . . ....................... Concluding Remarks. ......................... . . . . . . . . . . References........................................ 1 3 28 31 68 82 Transforming Growth Factor p ANITAB. ROBERTS AND MICHAEL B. SPORN I. 11. 111. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TGF-or and Its Relationship to EGF .................................... 110 TGF-B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References .......................................................... 113 138 107 Oncogene Activation in Chemical Carcinogenesis ALLANBALMAIN AND KEN BROWN I. 11. 111. IV. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Activation of Oncogenes during Carcinogenesis in vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Role of Oncogenes in Carcinogenesis in Vitm ....................... Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V 147 148 169 177 177 vi CONTENTS The lntracisternal A-Particle Gene Family: Structure and Functional Aspects EDWARD L. KUFFANDKIRAK. LUEDERS I. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. xv. XVI. XVII. ............................. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . of Muc musculus IAP Sequences . . . . . Structural and Genomic . . . .. . . . . .. . . Relationship betmen IAW and Other Retroviruses . . . . Chromosomal Distribution of IAP-Related Sequences: Association with Other Repetitive Sequence Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . IAP Component Proteins.. . . . . . . . . . Tr