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Urban Geography, 2nd edition Cities across the world are changing rapidly, influenced by the forces of economic and cultural globalisation and by the pressures for environmental, economic and social sustainability. City economies, landscapes, images, environments and social geographies are changing as a result of these forces. Urban Geography examines the new geographical patterns that are forming within cities and the ways in which geographers have sought to make sense of this urban transformation. Introducing both traditional and contemporary approaches and perspectives in urban geography, this book examines the globalisation of the urbanisation process and explores ways in which governments and institutions have responded to the resulting challenges. This substantially revised second edition of Urban Geography includes updates on recent urban policy initiatives and urban changes, including the influence of CCTV on the city and the impacts of Millennium projects. New sections include an evaluation of the impact of place promotion and a discussion of new cultural geography and the city. Chapter 9 has been entirely replaced with a new chapter on Sustainable Urban Development. This is a valuable introduction to the subject for all students studying urban geography. Tim Hall is a Lecturer in Human Geography at Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher Education. Routledge Contemporary Human Geography Series Series Editors: David Bell and Stephen Wynn Williams, Staffordshire University This series of texts offers stimulating introductions to the core subdisciplines of human geography. Building between ‘traditional’ approaches to subdisciplinary studies and contemporary treatments of these same issues, these concise introductions respond particularly to the new demands of modular courses. Uniformly designed, with a focus on student-friendly features, these books will form a coherent series which is up-todate and reliable. Existing Titles: Urban Geography, 2nd edition Cultural Geography Tourism Geography Techniques in Human Geography Development Geography Routledge Contemporary Human Geography Urban Geography 2nd edition Tim Hall London and New York First published 1998 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 2001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2001. © 1998, 2001 Tim Hall The right of Tim Hall to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0–415–21768–7 (hbk) 0–415–21769–5 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-12898-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-17983-8 (Glassbook Format) Contents List of plates vi List of figures vii List of tables viii List of case studies ix Acknowledgements xii 1 New cities, new urban geographies 1 2 Changing approaches in urban geography 17 3 Economic problems and the city 35 4 New urban economies 46 5 Urban policy and the changing city 63 6 Urban change and em