Early Development Of The Human Pelvic Diaphragm (advances In Anatomy, Embryology And Cell Biology)

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E-Book Overview

A sound and detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the pelvic floor is of the utmost importance to gynecologists, obstetricians, surgeons, and urologists, since they all share the same responsibility in treating patients with different pathological conditions caused by pelvic floor dysfunction. The most common clinical expressions of pelvic floor dysfunction are urinary incontinence, anal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse. Most often these clinical expressions are found in women, and they are briefly discussed below based on the outline presented in the Third International Consultation on Incontinence, a joint effort of the International Continence Society and the World Health Organization. Established potential risk factors are age, childbearing, and obesity. The pelvic floor plays an important role in these risk factors. There is evidence that the pelvic floor structures change with age, giving rise to dysfunction. Pregnancy, and especially vaginal delivery, may result in pelvic floor laxity as a consequence of weakening, stretching, and even laceration of the muscles and connective tissue, or due to damage to pudendal and pelvic nerves. Comparable to pregnancy, obesity causes chronic strain, stretching, and weakening of muscles, nerves, and other structures of the pelvic floor.

E-Book Content

Reviews and critical articles covering the entire field of normal anatomy (cytology, histology, cyto- and histochemistry, electron microscopy, macroscopy, experimental morphology and embryology and comparative anatomy) are published in Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology. Papers dealing with anthropology and clinical morphology that aim to encourage cooperation between anatomy and related disciplines will also be accepted. Papers are normally commissioned. Original papers and communications may be submitted and will be considered for publication provided they meet the requirements of a review article and thus fit into the scope of “Advances”. English language is preferred. It is a fundamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been and will not simultaneously be submitted or published elsewhere. With the acceptance of a manuscript for publication, the publisher acquires full and exclusive copyright for all languages and countries. Twenty-five copies of each paper are supplied free of charge. Manuscripts should be addressed to Prof. Dr. F. BECK, Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3000 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. F. CLASCÁ, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neurobiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ave. Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. M. FROTSCHER, Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Abteilung für Neuroanatomie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 17, 79001 Freiburg, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. D. E. HAINES, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy, The University of Mississippi Med. Ctr., 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA e-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. H.-W. KORF, Zentrum der Morphologie, Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60595 Frankfurt/Main, Germany e-mail: [email protected