Contemporary Psychology (contemporary Psychology Series, 11)

Contemporary Psychology Contemporary Psychology Series: 11 Contemporary Psychology: An Introduction Edited by Clive R.Hollin UK Taylor & Francis Ltd, 4 John St., London WC1N 2ET USA Taylor & Francis Inc., 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007 © Selection and editorial material copyright Clive R.Hollin, 1995 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record ing, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Pub lisher. First published 1995 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” library Catalogue Record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-13770-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-17698-7 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0 7484 0191 1 (Print Edition) ISBN 0 7484 0192 X (Print Edition) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available on request Series cover design by Amanda Barragry. Contents List of Tables and Figures vii Preface xi Part I Cognitive Psychology Chapter 1 Perception Mike G.Harris Chapter 2 Understanding Written Language Glyn W.Humphreys and Ros Bradbury Chapter 3 Theories of Cognition: Conceptual Knowledge and Problem Solving Koen Lamberts 3 26 46 Part II Developmental Psychology Chapter 4 Early Development Gillian Harris Chapter 5 Life-span Development Kevin D.Browne and Clive R.Hollin 62 78 Part III Individual Differences and Learning Chapter 6 Individual Differences Patrick A.Tyler Chapter 7 Learning Theory Glyn V.Thomas 97 116 Part IV Physiological Psychology Chapter 8 Psychobiology Philip Terry Chapter 9 Cognitive Neuropsychology M.Jane Riddoch and Glyn W.Humphreys 133 150 Part V Social Psychology Chapter 10 Interpersonal Processes Raymond Cochrane Chapter 11 Social Processes in Transitions from Youth to Adulthood Christine Griffin 178 192 Part VI Applied Psychology Chapter 12 Clinical Psychology David Wales and Kevin Howells Chapter 13 Forensic Psychology Clive R.Hollin 209 227 Epilogue 241 Notes on Contributors 242 Index 244 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1.1 The image as a pattern of ripples 4 Figure 1.2 Visual information relevant to the task of controlling locomotory heading 10 Figure 1.3 Visual information relevant to the timing of actions 11 Figure 1.4 A simple solution to the problem of finding places in the image where the amount of light changes abruptly 13 Figure 1.5 A detector capable of detecting a change at any orientation 14 Figure 1.6 A combination device that sums the outputs of several appropriately positioned change detectors 15 Figure 1.7 A schematic cross-section of a small section of typical 16 primate retina Figure 1.8 Receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells and some types of cell in the visual cortex 17 Figure 1.9 The Necker cube 19 Figure 1.10 Representations of solid objects 20 Figure 1.11 Different object types can be formed from different spatial relationships between the same component geons 22 Figure 1.12 The importance of high-level knowledge in perception 23 Figure 2.1 A framework illustrating possible relations between different processes in going from print to sound 29 <