Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments Of Material Shifts: The Example Of A Lead-free Electronics Industry

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Planet Earth is under stress from various environmental factors, increasing the importance of being able to estimate the environmental costs associated with dynamic material shifts. Such shifts are occurring in the electronics industry and the most famous recent example is the introduction of lead-free solders. Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments of Material Shifts describes the environmental implications of this shift to lead-free solders and conductive adhesives using the standardized methodology of environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA). As the product systems involved are rather small for interconnection materials it is possible – using uncertainty analysis and consequential LCA – to arrive at robust conclusions, even in the difficult holistic field of environmental cost accounting. The lead-free shift has many implications, such as the export of electronics waste, resource consumption, recycling issues, and technology development. LCA is rapidly developing to include more and more impact assessment, and refined weighting methods. In the end, the goal is to be able to quantify the environmental consequences of decisions and this book presents tools, data, and methodologies in detail. It provides an understanding of current technological shifts and the potential environmental consequences, along with several illustrative examples. Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments of Material Shifts will benefit engineers and environmental experts within the electronics and materials industry, enabling them to assess the environmental costs of their own product systems.

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Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments of Material Shifts A.S.G. Andrae Global Life Cycle Impact Assessments of Material Shifts The Example of a Lead-free Electronics Industry 123 Dr. A.S.G. Andrae Huawei Technologies Sweden AB Box 54 16494 Kista Sweden [email protected] ISBN 978-1-84882-660-1 e-ISBN 978-1-84882-661-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882-661-8 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935768 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010 MATLAB® and Simulink® are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA 01760-2098, U.S.A. http://www.mathworks.com Microsoft, Encarta, MSN, Excel and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part