E-Book Overview
Throughout the world, traffic levels are increasing and, in urban areas, these increasing levels have led to pressures on the road network which are causing serious economic, environmental and social problems. Many past policies have failed to deal adequately with these problems, including the traditional approach of forecasting vehicle usage and building more roads to accommodate this. It is now widely accepted that unrestrained demand for travel by car cannot be sustained and measures to address congestion have therefore shifted from the concept of 'predict and provide' to 'predict and manage'. These measures are known as travel demand management (TDM). TDM is a set of policies with the primary objective of influencing travel behavior of individuals through restrictions on private vehicle use and ownership and the provision of various travel alternatives. Road-user charging is one such TDM policy, but there are many others which can also be adopted. This book examines the full range of 'push and pull' TDM measures, including regulatory, pricing, planning and persuasive policies to encourage individuals to make their trips in off-peak periods, by a different mode or to find another way of carrying out the trip purpose. Applying such measures can result in a more efficient transport system, improved environmental conditions and improvements in safety as well as revenue generation for use on alternative transport systems. The editors conclude with a summary of findings within the book and suggestions for best future practice.
E-Book Content
Travel Demand Management and Road User Pricing Success, Failure and Feasibility Edited by Wafaa Saleh and Gerd Sammer Travel demand management and road user pricing This page has been left blank intentionally Travel Demand Management and Road User Pricing Success, Failure and Feasibility Edited by Wafaa Saleh Edinburgh Napier University, UK Gerd Sammer University of Bodenkultur, Austria © Wafaa Saleh and Gerd Sammer 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Wafaa Saleh and Gerd Sammer have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court East Suite 420 Union Road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, GU9 7PT VT 05401-4405 England USA www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Travel demand management and road user pricing : success, failure and feasibility. - (Transport and society) 1. Transportation demand management 2. Congestion pricing I. Saleh, Wafaa II. Sammer, Gerd 388.3'1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Saleh, Wafaa. Travel demand management and road user pricing : success, failure and feasibility / by Wafaa Saleh and Gerd Sammer. p. cm. -- (Transport and society) Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7303-3 1. Urban transportation policy. I. Sammer, Gerd. II. Title. HE305.S26 2009 388.4'13142--dc22 09ANSHT ISBN 978 0 7546 7303 3 e ISBN 978 0 7546 8906 5 2008045424 Contents List of Figures List of Tables List of Contributors Acknowledgements 1 Travel Demand Management and Road User Pricing: Success, Failure and Feasibility Wafaa Saleh and Gerd Sammer vii xi xiii xix 1 Part I Travel Demand Management: Investigation of Impacts 2 Non-Negligible Side Effects of Traffic Demand Management Gerd Sammer 3 Validation and Comparison of Choice Models Stefano de Luca and Giulio Erberto Cantarella 4 On-Street Parking Pricing: Ex Ante Ex Po