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Praise for the Serial"This series has consistently presented a well-balanced account if progress in microbial physiology...Invaluable for teaching purposes."- AMERICAN SCIENTISTAdvances in Microbial Physiology was first published in 1967, and under the pioneering editorship of Professor Tony Rose, with the collaboration at various times of John Wilkinson, Gareth Morris and Dave Tempest, the series has become immensely successful and influential. The editors have always striven to interpret microbial physiology in the broadest possible context and have never restricted the contents to "traditional" views of whole cell physiology.Robert Poole was appointed as the new editor following the untimely death of Tony Rose. Under Professor Poole's editorship, Advances in Microbial Physiology continues to publish topical and important reviews, and to interpret physiology as widely as in the past by including all material that contributes to the understanding of how microorganisms and their component parts work. This continues to be the real challenge of microbial physiology.
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Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY VOLUME 37 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY Edited by R. K. POOLE Division of Life Sciences, King’s College London, London W8 7AH, England Volume 37 ACADEMIC PRESS Harcourt Brace & Company, Publishers London San Diego New York Boston Sydney Tokyo Toronto ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24/28 Oval Road LONDON NW17DX United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. San Diego CA 92101 Copyright @ J 1995, by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED This book is printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-12-027737-9 Typeset by Keyset Composition, Colchester, Essex Printed in Great Britain by T. J. Press (Padstow) Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Contents CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME37 .................................................. PREFACE............................................................................... vii ix Cellulose Hydrolysis by Bacteria and Fungi P. Tomme. R . A . J . Warren and N . R . Gilkes 1. Introduction ...................................................................... 2 . Cellulose Structures ............................................................ 3. Structure and Function of Cellulases and Related Hydrolases .... 4. Cellulase Systems ............................................................... 5. Genetics of Cellulases and Related Hydrolases ....................... 6. Microbial Cellulases in Biotechnology ................................... 7. Conclusion ........................................................................ Acknowledgements ............................................................. References ........................................................................ 2 2 9 39 53 63 65 66 66 Calcium and Bacteria R . J . Smith 1. Introduction ...................................................................... 2 . The Cell Wall and Cell Membrane ....................................... 3. The Cytoplasm .................................................................. 4 . The Prokaryotic Nucleoid .................................................... 5. Concluding Remarks ........................................................... Acknowledgements ............................................................. References ........................................................................ 83 85 93 118 123 129 126 Cationic Bactericidal Pept