International Review of Cytology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology-both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field, each volume provides up-to-date information and directions for future research. Key Features * Role of Rab GTPases in Membrane Traffic * Lignification in Plant Cell Walls * Cytoskeleton, Membranes, and Cell Wall Interactions in the Pollen Tube of Flowering Plants * Biology of the Postsynapic Glycine Receptor * Cell Fate Specification in Ascidian Embryos * Distribution of Na+, K+-ATPase in Insect Photoreceptor Cells
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VOLUME 176 SERIES EDITORS Geoffrey H. Bourne James F. Danielli Kwang W. Jeon Martin Friedlander Jonathan Jarvik 1949-1988 1949-1 984 19671984-1992 1993-1995 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Aimee Bakken Eve Ida Barak Rosa Beddington Howard A. Bern Robert A. Bloodgood Dean Bok Stanley Cohen Rene Couteaux Marie A. DiBerardino Andreas Oksche Muriel J. Ord Vladimir R. PantiC Thomas D. Pollard L. Evans Roth Jozef St. Schell Manfred Schliwa Hiroh Shibaoka Wilfred D. Stein Nicholas Gillham Elizabeth D. Hay P. Mark Hogarth Anthony P. Mahowald M. Melkonian Keith E. Mostov Yoshio Watanabe Donald P. Weeks Robin Wright Alexander L. Yudin Charles J. Flickinger Ralph M. Steinrnan M. Tazawa Edited by Kwang W. Jeon Department of Biochemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville,Tennessee VOLUME 176 ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto Front cover photograph: Strictly restricted distribution of pem mRNA in the myoplasm of an 8-cell embryo of Ciona suvigni. (See Chapter 5 for more details.) This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1997 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923). for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U S . Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-1997 chapters are as shown on the title pages, if no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0074-7696197 $25.00 Academic Press a division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http:/lwww.apnet.com Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX, UK http:llwww.hbuk.co.uWap/ International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-364580-8 PRINTEDIN THE UNITED STATESOF AMERICA 97 98 9 9 0 0 01 0 2 E B 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Role of Rab GTPases in Membrane Traffic Vesa M. Olkkonen and Harald Stenmark I. Introduction ........................................................... II . Gen