E-Book Overview
The International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, together with its historical predecessor, the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences of 1930 from the same publisher, is certainly the most comprehensive, systematic and monumental work ever published for the social sciences. In 1716 signed articles il deals with nearly all important topics as well as with the ideas and bibliographies оf outstanding social scientists, synthesizing out of the mosaic of the hitherto disparate and diversified disciplines of social sciences a new unified discipline of man and his society. It covers the classical fields of sociology such as anthropology, economics, education, geopgraphy. history, law. political sciences and sociology together with all the newer interdisciplinary methods, such as statistics and game theory. e.g. in Morgenstern's article, 'Game Theory.'The shift towards mathematical and methodological unification of all social sciences is clearly emphasized by the high standard of the articles in this field, e.g. R. Duncan Luce and P. Suppes on mathematics, as well as in all articles on statistics, multivariate analysis, and other areas. Each article contains an exhaustive bibliography with valuable cross references. It is clearly the strict scientific approach based on data collection, theory construction and explicit use of specifically adapted mathematical methods together with a more research-oriented presentation which improves the new Encyclopedia compared to the Encyclopedia of 1930. The encyclopedic character and style is expressed by presenting not only the main thoughts of a number of eminentscholars, but also the prevailing consensus or the critique of their discipline. Since its appearance in 1968, the Encyclopedia has been widely accepted in the rest of the world as the standard work for social scientists themselves, for students of the social sciences and for all professionals from other fields.
E-Book Content
International Encyclopedia of the SOCIAL SCIENCES Volume 19 Editorial Board Elizabeth L. Eisenstein University of Michigan Clifford Geertz Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, New Jersey) Vartan Gregorian Brown University Gardner Lindzey Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford, California) Paul A. Samuelson Massachusetts Institute of Technology Judith N. Shklar Harvard University Stephen M. Stigler University of Chicago Editorial Staff Robert N. Ubell, Executive Editor Edward J. Doherty, Managing Editor Deborah Vidaver Cohen, Research Bibliographer: Psychology Thomas Harrison, Research Bibliographer: Political Science Chen Huang, Database Specialist Cynthia Crippen, AEIOU, Inc., Indexer International Encyclopedia of the SOCIAL SCIENCES SOCIAL SCIENCE QUOTATIONS D A V I D L. SILLS SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL R O B E R T K. M E R T O N COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY EDITORS VOLUME MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK Collier Macmillan Canada TORONTO Maxwell Macmillan International NEW YORK OXFORD SINGAPORE SYDNEY 19 COPYRIGHT 1991 BY MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY A DIVISION OF MACMILLAN, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING, RECORDING, OR BY ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. MACMILLAN PUBLISHING COMPANY 866 THIRD AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022 COLLIER MACMILLAN CANADA, INC. 1200 EGLINTON AVENUE EAST, SUITE 200, DON MILLS, ONTARIO M3C 3N1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NO.: 68-10023 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PRINTING NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for vol. 19) International encyclopedia of the social sciences. V