Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen 1558 3 Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo H. Jaap van den Herik Hiroyuki Iida (Eds.) Computers and Games First International Conference, CG’98 Tsukuba, Japan, November 11-12, 1998 Proceedings 13 Series Editors Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Volume Editors H. Jaap van den Herik Department of Computer Science, University of Maastricht Maastricht, The Netherlands E-mail:
[email protected] Hiroyuki Iida Department of Computer Science, Shizuoka University Hamamatsu, Japan E-mail:
[email protected] Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Computers and games : first international conference ; proceedings / CG’98, Tsukuba, Japan, November 11 - 12, 1998. Jaap van den Herik ; Hiroyuki Iida (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 1999 (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1558) ISBN 3-540-65766-5 CR Subject Classification (1998): G, F.2, I.2.1, I.2.6, I.2.8 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-65766-5 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author SPIN 10702793 06/3142 – 5 4 3 2 1 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface This book contains the papers presented at the First International Conference on Computers and Games (CG’98) held at the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL), in Tsukuba, Japan, on November 11-12, 1998. The CG’98 focuses on all aspects of research related to computers and games. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the current state of game-playing programs. The book contains new theoretical developments in game-related research, general scientific contributions produced by the study of games, social aspects of computer games, mathematical games, cognitive research of how humans play games, and so on. As this volume shows, CG’98 is an international conference, with participants from many different countries who have different backgrounds and hence exhibit different views on computers and game