Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen 1742 3 Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo P.S. Thiagarajan R. Yap (Eds.) Advances in Computing Science – ASIAN’99 5th Asian Computing Science Conference Phuket, Thailand, December 10-12,1999 Proceedings 13 Series Editors Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Volume Editors P.S. Thiagarajan Chennai Mathematical Institute 92 G.N. Chetty Road, T. Nagar, Chennai 600 017, India E-mail:
[email protected] Roland Yap National University of Singapore, School of Computing Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119260 E-mail:
[email protected] Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Advances in computing science - ASIAN ’99 : proceedings / 5th Asian Computing Science Conference, Phuket, Thailand, December 10 - 12, 1999. P. S. Thiagarajan ; R. Yap (ed.) - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Paris ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 1999 (Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1742) ISBN 3-540-66856-X CR Subject Classification (1998): F.3, F.4, I.2.3, C.2, C.3, D.3 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-66856-X Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author SPIN: 10749973 06/3142 – 5 4 3 2 1 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface The Asian Computing Science Conference (ASIAN) series was initiated in 1995 to provide a forum for researchers in computer science from the Asian region to meet and to promote interaction with researchers from other regions. The previous four conferences were held, respectively, in Bangkok, Singapore, Kathmandu, and Manila. The proceedings were published in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series of Springer-Verlag. This year’s conference (ASIAN’99) attracted 114 submissions from which 28 papers were selected through an electronic PC meeting. In addition, 11 papers were selected for shorter presentations at the poster sessions. The themes for this year’s conference were announced to be: – Embedded and Real-Time Systems – Formal Reasoning and Verification – Distributed and Mobile Computing The key note speaker for ASIAN’99 is Amir Pnueli (Weizmann Institute, Israel) and the invited