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BIOS a Study of Creation About the Contributors Hector Sabelli. M.D., Ph.D. Director of the Chicago Center for Creative Development, former Professor and Director of the Institute of Pharmacology, University of Litoral, Argentina, Professor and Chairman, Dept. Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, and Professor of Pharmacology and Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Rush University. He received his M.D. degree from the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and did his Ph.D. thesis research in pharmacology at the Chicago Medical School. He received several awards in pharmacology, psychiatry, and psychodrama, and a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Rosario, Argentina. His work is published in Nature, Science, American Journal of Psychiatry, International Journal of General Systems, and in five books including Union of Opposites. A Comprehensive Theory of Natural and Human Processes (1989). Louis Kauffman, Ph.D. is a mathematics professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He works in knot theory, differential topology and diagrammatic mathematics. Joseph V. Messer, M.D. (Harvard Medical School), MACC, FACP, FCCP, FSCAI, FAHA, Professor of Medicine and Senior Attending Physician, Rush University Medical Center. Linnea Carlson-Sabelli, M.S. (education), TEPP (psychodrama), Ph.D. (Nursing), Associate Professor of Nursing, Rush University Medical Center. Arthur Sugerman, Ph.D. Senior Researcher, Chicago Center for Creative Development, and Ergo Development Inc. Minu K. Patel, M.Sc. (math), M.Sc. (stat), University of Illinois, Research Resources Center, Biostatistics Facility, and Medical-Surgical Nursing Department. Lazar Kovacevic, B.S.E.E. (University of Belgrade), Associate, Chicago Center for Creative Development. Research Series on Knots and Everything — Vol. 35 BIOS a Study of Creation Hector Sabelli Chicago Center for Creative Development, USA with the collaboration of Louis Kauffman, Linnea Carlson-Sabelli, Arthur Sugerman, Minu K. Patel, Joseph V. Messer, and Lazar Kovacevic and the Bios Data Analyzer by Arthur Sugerman, Hector Sabelli, Minu K. Patel, Louis Kauffman, and Lazar Kovacevic World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONGKONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The Greek founders of science regarded the universe as alive and creative, and organized by a relatively simple mathematical seed — the logos, which is the harmony of opposites. At the beginning was the Logos. They traditionally dedicated their books to Mother Nature, who they called Aphrodite or Venus. The cover was created by the painter Hector Giuffre. Boticelli's Venus arises from the sea. Giuffre's Venus arises from a pattern created by the interaction of energy and information creating biotic and parabiotic patterns of ever increasing complexity. BIOS — A Study of Creation Series on Knots & Everything — Vol. 35 Copyright © 2005 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-