Artificial Higher Order Neural Networks for Economics and Business Ming Zhang Christopher Newport University, USA InformatIon scIence reference Hershey • New York Director of Editorial Content: Senior Managing Editor: Managing Editor: Assistant Managing Editor: Typesetter: Cover Design: Printed at: Kristin Klinger Jennifer Neidig Jamie Snavely Carole Coulson Sean Woznicki Lisa Tosheff Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200 Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail:
[email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com and in the United Kingdom by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 3 Henrietta Street Covent Garden London WC2E 8LU Tel: 44 20 7240 0856 Fax: 44 20 7379 0609 Web site: http://www.eurospanbookstore.com Copyright © 2009 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Artificial higher order neural networks for economics and business / Ming Zhang, editor. p. cm. Summary: “This book is the first book to provide opportunities for millions working in economics, accounting, finance and other business areas education on HONNs, the ease of their usage, and directions on how to obtain more accurate application results. It provides significant, informative advancements in the subject and introduces the HONN group models and adaptive HONNs”--Provided by publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-897-0 (hbk.) ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-898-7 (e-book) 1. Finance--Computer simulation. 2. Finance--Mathematical models. 3. Finance--Computer programs. 4. Neural networks (Computer science) I. Zhang, Ming, 1949 July 29HG106.A78 2008 332.0285’632--dc22 2007043953 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book set is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http://www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication. To My Wife, Zhao Qing Zhang Table of Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................... xvii Acknowledgment ...........................