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Dive into the fascinating undersea world of marine science. Modeled after other volumes in The Facts On File Science Handbooks series and designed to provide students with quick, direct answers to basic science questions, The Facts On File Marine Science Handbook is the ideal primer for middle and high school students on the subject of marine science. In this one-stop resource, almost 1,500 key terms relating to marine science are presented in a glossary, along with approximately 250 biographies of individuals who have made important contributions to marine science. A useful chronology composed of nearly 200 entries describes significant milestones in the development of marine science from antiquity to the present, and a selection of easy-to-read tables and charts adds a visual component that allows students to see concrete representations of selected concepts presented in the work. This volume includes a preface, introduction, index, and bibliography of titles and web-sites to guide further research as well as an appendix, Prefixes and Suffixes of the Marine Environment.
E-Book Content
THE FACTS ON FILE MARINE SCIENCE HANDBOOK SCOTT MCCUTCHEON and BOBBI MCCUTCHEON The Facts On File Marine Science Handbook Copyright © 2003 by Scott McCutcheon and Bobbi McCutcheon All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McCutcheon, Scott. The Facts on File marine science handbook / Scott McCutcheon and Bobbi McCutcheon. p. cm. — (the Facts on File science handbooks) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-4812-6 (acid-free paper) 1. Marine sciences — Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. McCutcheon, Bobbi. II. Title, III. Series. GC24.M43 2003 551.46 — dc21 2003000275 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at 212/967-8800 or 800/322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Cover design by Cathy Rincon Illustrations by Bobbi McCutcheon and Scott McCutcheon, © Facts On File Printed in the United States of America VB Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface Introduction iv iv vi SECTION ONE Glossary 1 SECTION TWO Biographies 143 SECTION THREE Chronology 211 SECTION FOUR Charts & Tables 243 APPENDIXES: Prefixes and Suffixes Recommended Reading and Useful Websites INDEX 258 260 263 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We the authors would like to thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and their staff members for generously providing much of the information and many of the photos herein. Also, we extend our gratitude to the Alaska Lighthouse Association for freely donating their time and materials. Additionally, we would like to express our deepest appreciation Frank K. Darmstadt, Senior Editor, Facts On File, for his invaluable guidance throughout the entire bookmaking process, Copy Editor Susan Thornton, and the entire Facts On File staff for their time and energies in the development of this project. PREFACE Who are we? Where do we come from? These are two of humankind’s most asked questions. Though scientists differ on the answer, one that still yearns to be solved i