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Precise, accurate spatial information linked to social and behavioral data is revolutionizing social science by opening new questions for investigation and improving understanding of human behavior in its environmental context. At the same time, precise spatial data make it more likely that individuals can be identified, breaching the promise of confidentiality made when the data were collected. Because norms of science and government agencies favor open access to all scientific data, the tension between the benefits of open access and the risks associated with potential breach of confidentiality pose significant challenges to researchers, research sponsors, scientific institutions, and data archivists."Putting People on the Map" finds that several technical approaches for making data available while limiting risk have potential, but none is adequate on its own or in combination. This book offers recommendations for education, training, research, and practice to researchers, professional societies, federal agencies, institutional review boards, and data stewards.
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PUTTING PEOPLE ON THE MAP PROTECTING CONFIDENTIALITY WITH LINKED SOCIAL-SPATIAL DATA Panel on Confidentiality Issues Arising from the Integration of Remotely Sensed and Self-Identifying Data Myron P. Gutmann and Paul C. Stern, editors Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education N A T I O N A L RESEARCH C O U N C I L OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu BOOKLEET © THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 FIFTH STREET, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this, report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible For the report were chosen For their special competences and with regard For appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract/Grant Nos. BCS-0431863, NNH04PR35P, and N'01OD-4-2139, TO 131 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Depart ment of Health and Human Services, respectively. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author (s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support For the project. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data Pulling people on the map : protecting confidentiality with linked social-spatial data / Panel on Confidentiality Issues Arising from the Integration of Remotely Sensed and Self-Identifying Data, Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. p. cm. "National Research Council." Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-309-10414-2 (pbk.) — ISBN 978-0-309-66831-6 (pdf) 1. Social sciencesResearch—Moral and ethical aspects. 2. Confidential communications—Social surveys. 3. Spatial analysis (Statistics) 4. Privacy, Right of—United States. 5. Public records—Access control—United States. I. National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Confidentiality Issues Arising from the Integration of Remotely Sensed and Self Identifying Data. IT. Title: Protect ing confidentiality with linked social-spatial data. H62.P953 2007 174'.93—dc22 2006103005 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet http://www.nap.edu. Printed in the United States of America. Cover i