Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion

Joseph Stalin A Biographical Companion Joseph Stalin A Biographical Companion Helen Rappaport All photographs are courtesy of the David King Collection except the following: frontispiece, Library of Congress; p. 8, Robert Harding Picture Library; p. 24, AP/Wide World Photos; p. 28, AP/Wide World Photos; p. 180, Archive Photos; p. 315, AP/Wide World Photos; and p. 326, Hulton Getty/Liaison Agency. Copyright © 1999 by Helen Rappaport All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rappaport, Helen. Joseph Stalin : a biographical companion / Helen Rappaport. p. cm. — (ABC-CLIO biographical companions) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-57607-184-0 (alk. paper) ISBN 1-57607-208-8 (pbk.; UK only) 1. Stalin, Joseph, 1879–1953—Encyclopedias. 2. Heads of state—Soviet Union—Biography—Encyclopedias. 3. Soviet Union—History—1925–1953—Encyclopedias. I.Title. II. ABC-CLIO biographical companion. DK268.S8.R337 1999 947.084'2'092—dc21 99-048504 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ABC-CLIO, Inc. 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper . Manufactured in the United States of America To Michael J. de K. Holman for encouraging a love of Russia and all things Russian ABC-CLIO BIOGRAPHICAL COMPANIONS Benjamin Franklin, Jennifer L. Durham Thomas Jefferson, David S. Brown Susan B. Anthony, Judith E. Harper Napoleon, David Nicholls Joseph Stalin, Helen Rappaport ABC-CLIO Biographical Companions are encyclopedic guides to the lives of men and women who have had a significant impact on the social, political, and cultural development of the Western world. Each volume presents complete biographical information in an easily accessible format. An introduction and a chronology provide an overview, while the A-to-Z entries amplify a myriad of topics related to the person. Ample illustrations give the reader an acute sense of the individual’s life and times. CONTENTS Preface, xiii Stalin: A Biographical Companion, 1 Dzhugashvili,Vissarion Ivanovich, 71 Dzhugashvili,Yakov Iosifovich, 72 Akhmatova, Anna Andreevna, 1 Allilueva, Nadezhda Sergeevna, 3 Allilueva, Svetlana Iosefovna, 5 Art and Architecture, 7 Atomic Bomb, 11 Eastern Europe, 73 Education, 76 Eisenstein, Sergey Mikhailovich, 78 “Engineers of Human Souls,” 81 Ezhov, Nikolay Ivanovich, 82 Babel, Isaac Emmanuilovich, 15 Baku, 17 Baltic States, 18 Batum, 20 Beria, Lavrenty Pavlovich, 20 “The Big Three,” 23 Blyukher, Marshal Vasily Konstantinovich, 26 Budenny, Marshal Semen Mikhailovich, 26 Bukharin, Nikolay Ivanovich, 27 Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasevich, 32 Bulganin, Marshal Nikolay Aleksandrovich, 33 Family Life, 85 Fellow Tr