Toc: Part I First Study the Science, Then Practice the Art 1 The Concept of Stress ........................................................................... 3 Stress, Behavior, and Health ................................................................... 3 Defining Stress ........................................................................................ 5 Ten Key Concepts in the Study of Stress ................................................ 7 Plan of the Book ...................................................................................... 13 References ............................................................................................... 13 2 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Stress Response .......... 17 Neurological Foundations ....................................................................... 17 Neural Transmission ........................................................................... 18 Basic Neuroanatomy ........................................................................... 21 A Systems Model of the Human Stress Response .................................. 24 Stressor Events .................................................................................... 27 Cognitive–Affective Domain .............................................................. 28 Neurological Triggering Mechanisms ................................................. 30 The Stress Response ........................................................................... 31 The Neural Axes: Stress Response Via Neural Innervation of Target Organs .................................................................................. 31 The “Fight-or-Flight” Response: The Neuroendocrine Axis .............. 33 The Stress Response: A Summary ...................................................... 40 Target-Organ Activation...................................................................... 41 Coping ..................................................................................................... 44 Summary ................................................................................................. 45 References ............................................................................................... 47 3 The Link from Stress Arousal to Disease ............................................ 53 Selye’s “General Adaptation Syndrome” ................................................ 54 Lachman’s Model .................................................................................... 55 Sternbach’s Model .................................................................................. 56 xiv Contents Kraus and Raab’s “Hypokinetic Disease” Model ................................... 56 Schwartz’s “Disregulation” Model ......................................................... 57 Conflict Theory of Psychosomatic Disease ............................................ 58 Everly and Benson’s “Disorders of Arousal” Model .............................. 59 Summary ................................................................................................. 61 References