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Resources for Argumentation, Reading, Writing, and Research Argumentation Understanding rhetoric 5–7 Identifying the elements of argument 7–14 Analyzing an argument so you can respond to it 14–25 Developing an effective style of argument 27–30 >Getting beyond the five-paragraph essay 30–32 Strategies for making arguments about literature 55–66 Reading Looking at literature as argument 69–71 Strategies for close reading 88–91 Using characters’ emotions and topics of literary studies to get ideas 99–102 Using critical approaches to literature 270–295 Writing Strategies for planning a paper 120–124 Strategies for composing a draft 124–132 Strategies for revising 134–138 Strategies for writing a comparative paper 140–144 Strategies for writing about stories 149–165 Strategies for writing about poems 169–181, and pictures, 184–190 Strategies for writing about plays 190–204 Research Strategies for beginning your research 207–209 Strategies for finding and evaluating sources in the library and online 209–212 Strategies for working with and integrating sources 214–216 Strategies for documenting sources in MLA format 218–227 Sample Student Drafts and Revisions Justin Korzack, How to Slow Down the Rush to War (argument in response to an argument) 33–35 Ann Schumwalt, The Mother’s Mixed Messages in “Girl” (argument about a literary element) 66–69 Abby Hazelton, The Passage of Time in “The Solitary Reaper” (illustrating the writing process) 132–134, 138–140 Jeremy Cooper, Don Paterson’s Criticism of Nature’s Owners (comparing literary texts) 144–148 Tanya Vincent, The Real Meaning of Charity in “A Visit of Charity” (argument about a story) 165–168 Michaela Fiorucci, Negotiating Boundaries (argument about a poem) 174–175, 182–184 Karl Magnusson, Lack of Motion and Speech in Rolando Perez’s “Office at Night” (comparing a literary text and an image) 187–190 Trish Carlisle, Which Is the Stronger Actress in August Strindberg’s Play? (argument about a play) 204–206 Annotated Student Research Papers Sarah Michaels, “The Yellow Wallpaper” as a Guide to Social Factors in Postpartum Depression (using a literary work to analyze social issues) 228–232 Katie Johnson, The Meaning of the Husband’s Fainting in “The Yellow Wallpaper” (using literary critical sources) 234–238 Brittany Thomas, The Relative Absence of the Human Touch in “The Yellow Wallpaper” (examining a work in its historical context) 239–243 this page left intentionally blank A Brief Guide to Arguing about Literature this page left intentionally blank A Brief Guide to Arguing about Literature SECOND EDITION John Schilb Indiana University John Clifford University of North Carolina at Wilmington For Bedford/St. Martin’s Vice President, Editorial, Macmillan Learning Humanities: Edwin Hill Editorial Director, English, and Publisher for Literature: Karen S. Henry Senior Executive and Developmental Editor: Stephen A. Scipione Executive Editor, Literature: Vivian Garcia Editorial Assistant: Julia Domenicucci Production Editor: Louis C. Bruno Jr. Senior Media Producer: Allison Hart Publishing Services Manager: Andrea Cava Marketing Manager: Sophia Latorre-Zengierski Project Management: Jouve Senior Photo Editor: Martha Friedman Photo Researcher: Angela Boehler Permissions Manager: Kalina Ingham Senior Art Director: Anna Palchik Text Design: Jean Hammond Cover Design: William Boardman Cover Art: A-Digit / Getty Images Composition: Jouve Printing and Binding: Edwards Brothers Malloy, Inc. Copyright © 2017, 2014 by Bedford/St. Martin’s All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher. Manu