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Reviewers comments: "Richard Lynn and David Becker have done an excellent job in updating IQs for all nations in the world showing that they range from an average of 69 in sub-Saharan Africa to 105 in Northeast Asia. In addition, they summarize studies of the genetic and climatic causes of these IQ differences and also of their numerous educational, economic, sociological and demographic effects. They conclude by discussing the future of national IQs and argue that dysgenic fertility and immigration will reduce intelligence in the United States and Europe, leaving China to emerge as the world super-power in the second half of the twenty-first century." Professor Helmuth Nyborg, University of Aarhus, Denmark "This update of IQs for 128 nations of the world and their causes and consequences will be welcomed by everyone interested in intelligence as a unifying construct for the social sciences." Professor Heiner Rindermann, University of Chemnitz, Germany
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The Intelligence of Nations Richard Lynn & David Becker Ulster Institute for Social Research Published by Ulster Institute for Social Research London GB ISBN 9780993000164 ©2019 Richard Lynn & David Becker All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain Contents Preface .................................................................................. 4 Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 National IQs ......................................................................... 11 Chapter 3 Causes, Correlates and Consequences of National IQs ................................................................. 202 Chapter 4 The Future of National IQs ................................................ 318 References ......................................................................... 337 Index .................................................................................. 431 Online appendix (PDF 2.8 MB) available to view and download at: http://www.ulsterinstitute.org/intelnatsappendix The Intelligence of Nations Preface I published the first study of national IQs and their correlates in 2002 in collaboration with the political scientist Tatu Vanhanen. We published further studies on these in 2006 and 2012. Many more studies have been published and a further update of these is given in the present volume. Unhappily, Tatu Vanhanen died in August 2015, and so was no longer able to work with me in these labours, but I have found a young collaborator in David Becker to whom I am greatly indebted for his excellent compilation of the updated national IQs given in Chapter 2. I should like to express my appreciation for the contributions of the many dozens of scholars who have published new data on national IQs, the climatic and genetic factors responsible for these, and their economic and social effects that I summarise in Chapter 3. Among those who have made these contributions I should particularly like to thank are Helen Cheng, Emil Kirkegaard, Gerhard Meisenberg, Davide Piffer, Heiner Rindermann, James Thompson and Michael Woodley of Menie. And last, but by no means least, my wife Joyce for her support while I have worked on these problems. Richard Lynn 4 Chapter 1. Introduction The problem of why some nations are rich and others are poor has been discussed since the eighteenth century. It was addressed by Montesquieu (1748) in his L'Esprit des Lois, in which he noted that rich nations are mainly in temperate latitudes while poor nations are mainly in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes and suggested that the heat in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes is enervating and reduces the capacity to work. Later in the century, Adam Smith (1776) addressed the same questio