E-Book Overview
• One of very few books available to cover this subject area. • A practical book with a wealth of detail.
This book covers the major manufacturing processes for polymer matrix composites with an emphasis on continuous fibre-reinforced composites. It covers the major fabrication processes in detail.
Very few books cover the details of fabrication and assembly processes for composites. This book is intended for the engineer who wants to learn more about composite processing: any one with some experience in composites should be able to read it. The author, who has 34 years experience in the aerospace industry, has intentionally left out mathematical models for processes so the book will be readable by the general engineer.
It differs from other books on composites manufacturing in focussing almost solely on manufacturing processes, while not attempting to cover materials, test methods, mechanical properties and other areas of composites.
E-Book Content
Manufacturing Processes For Advanced Composites This Page Intentionally Left Blank Manufacturing Processes For Advanced Composites F. C. Campbell ELSEVIER UK USA JAPAN Elsevier Ltd, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Elsevier Inc, 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710, USA Elsevier Japan, Tsunashima Building Annex, 3-20-12 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Reprinted 2004 Copyright 9 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Campbell, Flake C. Manufacturing processes for advanced composites 1.Composite materials 2.Manufacturing processes I.Title 620.1'18 ISBN 1856174158 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell, Flake. Manufacturing processes for advanced composites / Flake Campbell, Jr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-85617-415-8 (hardcover) 1. Polymeric composites. 2. Fibrous composites. 3. Manufacturing processes. I. Title. TA418.9.C6C265 2003 668.9-dc22 2003049415 No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Published by Elsevier Advanced Technology The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK Tel: +44(0) 1865 843000 Fax: +44(0) 1865 843971 Typeset by Jouve, Paris Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddies Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn Contents Preface Resume Chapter I XIII Introduction to Composite Materials and Processes 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Chapter 2 XI Laminates Fibers Matrices Product Forms Overview of Fabrication Processes Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites Applications Summary Acknowledgement References 3 5 9 12 17 25 32 35 35 37 Fibers and Reinforcements 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 Fiber Terminology Glass Fibers Aramid Fibers Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Fibers Carbon and Graphite Fibers Woven Fabrics Reinforced Mats Chopped Fibers Prepreg Manufacturing Summary References 40 41 44 45 46 49 54 55 56 61 62 Manufacturing Processesfor Advanced Composites Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 VI ThermosetResins 3.1 Thermosets 3.2 Polyester Resins 3.3 Epoxy Resins 3.4 Bismaleimide Resins 3.5 Cyanate Ester Resins 3.6 Polyimide Resins 3.7