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For Gustav Landauer, literary critic and anarchist, scholar of mysticism and participant of the Bavarian revolution, culture and politics occupied the same spiritual space. While identifying with ethical socialism, his Jewish sensibility increasingly gained over the years, not only, but in great measure due to Buber’s influence. This volume brings together leading scholars to assess Landauer’s ramified literary and political activities, his life as a Jew and anarchist, paying particular attention to his impact on Martin Buber.
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Gustav Landauer: Anarchist and Jew Gustav Landauer: Anarchist and Jew Edited by Paul Mendes-Flohr and Anya Mali in collaboration with Hanna Delf von Wolzogen ISBN 978-3-11-037395-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-036859-8 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039560-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/München/Boston Typesetting: Michael Peschke, Berlin Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Contents Abbreviations vii Paul Mendes-Flohr Introduction 1 Paul Mendes-Flohr Messianic Radicals: Gustav Landauer and Other German-Jewish Revolutionaries 14 Ulrich Linse ‘Poetic Anarchism’ versus ‘Party Anarchism’: Gustav Landauer and the Anarchist Movement in Wilhelmian Germany 45 Michael Löwy Romantic Prophets of Utopia: Gustav Landauer and Martin Buber 64 Martin Treml Between Utopia and Redemption: Gustav Landauer’s Influence on Gershom Scholem 82 Anthony David Gustav Landauer’s Tragic Theater 92 Gertrude Cepl-Kaufmann Gustav Landauer and the Literary Trends of his Time 107 Philippe Despoix Toward a German-Jewish Construct: Landauer’s Arnold Himmelheber 121 Corinna R. Kaiser Gustav Landauer’s Early Novella Geschwister: Dying to Communicate 132 Hanna Delf von Wolzogen Gustav Landauer’s Reading of Spinoza 155 Yossef Schwartz Gustav Landauer and Gerhard Scholem: Anarchy and Utopia 172 vi Contents Wolf von Wolzogen Ina Britschgi-Schimmer: Co-Editor of Gustav Landauer’s Letters 191 Chaim Seeligmann Gustav Landauer and his Judaism 205 Ernst Simon Der werdende Mensch und der werdende Jude: Gustav Landauer’s Development as a Human Being and Jew 213 Brigitte Hausberger My Father, Gustav Landauer 233 Index 238 Contributors 241 Abbreviations GLAA GLAJ Lebensgang I/II Mauthner Briefe Aufruf 1911/1919 Beginnen Meister Eckhart 1903/1920 Revolution Der Sozialist Shakespeare I/II, 1920/1923 Skepsis 1903/1923/1978 WM 1921 WA III Macht und Mächte Gespräch Sensation NG Gustav Landauer Nachlass, International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam, No. Gustav Landauer Nachlass, The National Library of Israel, Jerusalem, Varia, No. Gustav Landauer, Sein Lebensgang in Briefen, ed. Martin Buber and Ina Britschgi-Schimmer, 2 vols., (Frankfurt/Main: Rütten & Loening, 1929). Gustav Landauer–Fritz Mauthner: Briefwechsel 1890-1919, ed. Hanna Delf, (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1994). Gustav Landauer, Aufruf zum Sozialismus, (Berlin: Socialist Bund, 1911; 2nd ed. Berlin: P. Cassirer, 1919). Beginnen: Aufsätze über Sozialismus, ed. Martin Buber, (Köln: Marcan-Block, 1924). Gustav Landauer, trans., Meister Eckharts mystische Schriften. In unsere Sprache übertragen, (1903; 2nd ed., Berlin: K. Schnabel, 1920). Die Revolution, vol. 13, Die Gesellschaft. Sammlung sozialpsychologischer Monographien, ed. Martin Buber, (Frankfurt/ Main: Rütten & Loening, 1907; ne