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Washington, DC: National Center for Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, 2007. — 63 p.
Pashler H., Bain P., Bottge B., Graesser A., Koedinger K., McDaniel M., Metcalfe J.This guide includes a set of concrete actions relating to the use of instructional and study time that are applicable to subjects that demand a great deal of content learning, including social studies, science, and mathematics. The guide was developed with some of the most important principles to emerge from research on learning and memory in mind.
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Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning A Practice Guide NCER 2007-2004 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning IES Practice Guide SEPTEMBER 2007 Harold Pashler (Chair) University of California, San Diego Patrice M. Bain Columbia Middle School, Illinois Brian A. Bottge University of Wisconsin–Madison Arthur Graesser University of Memphis Kenneth Koedinger Carnegie Mellon University Mark McDaniel Washington University in St. Louis Janet Metcalfe Columbia University NCER 2007-2004 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION This report was prepared for the National Center for Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences, under contract no. ED-05-CO-0026 to Optimal Solutions Group, LLC. Disclaimer The opinions and positions expressed in this practice guide are the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the opinions and positions of the Institute of Education Sciences or the U.S. Department of Education. This practice guide should be reviewed and applied according to the specific needs of the educators and education agencies using it and with full realization that it represents only one approach that might be taken, based on the research that was available at the time of publication. This practice guide should be used as a tool to assist in decision-making rather than as a “cookbook.” Any references within the document to specific education products are illustrative and do not imply endorsement of these products to the exclusion of other products that are not referenced. U.S. Department of Education Margaret Spellings Secretary Institute of Education Sciences Grover J. Whitehurst Director National Center for Education Research Lynn Okagaki Commissioner September 2007 This report is in the public domain. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: Pashler, H., Bain, P., Bottge, B., Graesser, A., Koedinger, K., McDaniel, M., and Metcalfe, J. (2007) Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning (NCER 2007-2004). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://ncer.ed.gov. This report is available for download on the IES website at http://ncer.ed.gov. Alternative Formats On request, this publication can be made available in alternative formats, such as Braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette. For more information, call the Alternative Format Center at (202) 205-8113. Organizing Instruction and Study to Improve Student Learning Contents Preamble from the Institute of Education Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v About the authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Disclosures of potential conflicts of interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Organizing instruction and study to improve student learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .