Natural Language Communication With Computers

Lecture Notes in Computer Science Edited by G. Goos and J. Hartmanis 63 Natural Language Communication with Computers Edited by Leonard Bolc Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork 1978 Editorial Board P. Brinch Hansen D. Gries C. Moler G. Seegm011er J. Stoer N. Wirth Editor Leonard Bolc Institute of Informatics Warsaw University PKiN, pok. 850 00-901 Warszawa/Poland brary of Congress Cataloging ~ sin entry under title: in Publication Data Natural language communication with computers. (Lecture notes in computer science ; 63) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Interactive computer systems--Addresses, essays~ lectures. 2. Question-answering systems--Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Language data processing-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Bolc, Leonard, 193~II. Series. QA76 99. I58N37 OO1.6 '~ 78-15393 AMS Subject Classifications (1970): 68-02, 68A30, 68A45 CR Subject Classifications (1974): ISBN 3-540-08911-X ISBN 0-387-08911-X Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork Springer-Verlag NewYork Heidelberg Berlin This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under w 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. 9 by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1978 Printed in Germany Printing and binding: Beltz Offsetdruck, Hemsbach/Bergstr. 2145/3140-543210 P R E F A C E In r e c e n t y e a r s velop natural in n u m e r o u s language countries, attempts This r e s e