HAESE MATHEMATICS Specialists in mathematics publishing Mathematics for the international student Mathematics HL (Core) third edition David Martin Robert Haese Sandra Haese Michael Haese Mark Humphries cyan magenta 95 yellow Y:\HAESE\IB_HL-3ed\IB_HL-3ed_00\001IB_HL-3ed_00.cdr Monday, 30 April 2012 1:37:18 PM BEN 100 50 75 25 0 5 95 100 50 75 25 0 5 95 100 50 75 25 0 5 95 100 50 75 25 0 5 for use with IB Diploma Programme black IB_HL-3ed MATHEMATICS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENT Mathematics HL (Core) third edition David Martin Robert Haese Sandra Haese Michael Haese Mark Humphries B.A.,B.Sc.,M.A.,M.Ed.Admin. B.Sc. B.Sc. B.Sc.(Hons.),Ph.D. B.Sc.(Hons.) Haese Mathematics 3 Frank Collopy Court, Adelaide Airport, SA 5950, AUSTRALIA Telephone: +61 8 8355 9444, Fax: +61 8 8355 9471 Email:
[email protected] www.haesemathematics.com.au Web: National Library of Australia Card Number & ISBN 978-1-921972-11-9 © Haese Mathematics 2012 Published by Haese Mathematics. 3 Frank Collopy Court, Adelaide Airport, SA 5950, AUSTRALIA First Edition Reprinted Second Edition Reprinted Third Edition 2004 2005 three times (with minor corrections), 2006, 2007 2008 2009 (with minor corrections), 2010, 2011 2012 Typeset in Times Roman 10 \Qw_ . The textbook and its accompanying CD have been developed independently of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). The textbook and CD are in no way connected with, or endorsed by, the IBO. This book is copyright. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act (any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review), no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Enquiries to be made to Haese Mathematics. Copying for educational purposes: Where copies of part or the whole of the book are made under Part VB of the Copyright Act, the law requires that the educational institution or the body that administers it has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL). For information, contact the Copyright Agency Limited. Acknowledgements: While every attempt has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright, the authors and