Social Welfare Development In East Asia

Social Welfare Development in East Asia Also by Kwong-leung Tang COLONIAL STATE AND SOCIAL POLICY MODELS OF WORKPLACE TRAINING (with Jacqueline Cheung) Social Welfare Development in East Asia Kwong-leung Tang Associate Professor College of Arts, Social and Health Sciences University of Northern British Columbia Canada © Kwong-leung Tang 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-75460-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2000 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-41340-9 ISBN 978-0-333-98549-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333985496 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tang, Kwong-Leung Social welfare development in East Asia / Kwong-Leung Tang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-349-41340-9 1. East Asia—Social policy. 2. Public welfare—East Asia. I. Title. HN720.5.A8 T36 2000 361.6'1'095—dc21 00–027538 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 Contents vi List of Tables vii Preface 1 The Study of State Welfare in East Asia 2 East Asia and Theories of Comparative Social Policy 19 3 The Capital Investment State of Singapore 38 4 Authoritarianism and the Social Insurance State: The Case of Taiwan 64 The Authoritarian Developmental State and Social Welfare in Korea 89 5 6 1 Toward a Capital Investment State? The Social Welfare Development of Hong Kong 113 7 Social Welfare Provisions in East Asia and Quality of Life 135 8 The Future of State Welfare in East Asia 156 Notes 175 References 183 Index 209 v List of Tables 1.1 1.2 1.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.1 4.2 5.1 6.1 6.2 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Economic indicators for East Asian little tigers Social indicators for East Asian little tigers Human Development Index for Asian tigers, 1975–1997 Major extensions of the CPF in Singapore, 1968–1998 Educational spending in the four little tigers, 1980 and 1996 Health spending in the four little tigers, 1990–1997 Population aged 65 and above (as percentage of total population) in the Asian little tigers, 1997 and 2015 Low-income households and population in Taiwan, 1990–1997 Net expenditure on social welfare in Taiwan, 1990–1997 State expenditure on social welfare in Korea, 1979–1995 Social services spending as proportion of GDP in Hong Kong, 1975–1996 Number of people on public assistance in Hong Kong, 1985