Women’s Work In The World Economy

WOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY ECONOMICS Congress Editor: Amartya Sen Volume 1 MARKETS AND WELFARE Kenneth J. Arrow (editor) Volume 2 MACROECONOMICS AND ECONOMETRICS Marc Nerlove (editor) Volume 3 POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT Partha Dasgupta (editor) Volume 4 WOMEN'S WORK IN THE WORLD ECONOMY Nancy Folbre, Barbara Bergmann, Bina Agarwal and Maria Floro (editors) Volume 5 THE GREEK ECONOMY: ECONOMIC POLICY FOR THE 1990s Thanos S. Skouras (editor) Women's Work in the World Economy Edited by Nancy Folbre Barbara Bergmann Bina Agarwal and Maria Floro M MACMILLAN in association with the PALGRAVE MACMILLAN © International Economic Association 1992 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published in hardcover 1992 as Issues in Contemporary Economics, Volume 4 First published in paperback 1993 UNESCO Subvention 1990-91/DG/7.6.2/SUB.16(SHS) Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-59294-6 ISBN 978-1-349-13188-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13188-4 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Contents Preface by Amartya Sen ix The International Economic Association Acknowledgements Xlll xv lEA Programme Committee XVi Local Organising Committee and Local Advisory Board xvii List of Contributors and Editors xviii Abbreviations and Acronyms xx Introduction: The Feminist Sphinx Nancy Folbre PART I GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 1 Women, Work and Agricultural Commercialisation in the Philippines Maria Floro xxiii 1 3 2 Industrialisation Strategies and Gender Composition of Manufacturing Employment in Turkey Gunseli Berik and Nilufer 0 and is undefined if P[B] = O. 15. For purposes of analysis, households which cultivated less than one Gender and Development 38 hectare of land are characterised as 'near-landless or landless'. About half of the households in this category have no land at all. Although there is some degree of labour mobility between the two crops, there are skills specific to sugar production that are obtained over time. Certain labour arrangements also tend to develop which restrict labour mobility. Sugar landless households are those whose sugar wage is greater than other agricultural wage incomes; corn landless households are those whose sugar wages were less than half of total agricultural wages. (Bouis and Haddad, 1988). With respect to tenancy arrangements, land rented typically for sugar production was rented on a fixed rate basis. For corn, the typical rental arrangement was sharecropping, usually on a 50-50 basis. 16. 'The all-round duties of the housewife have as purpose the production of . . . human beings in contrast to the production of things' (Mies et at. , 1988, p. 178). 17. A censored sample is one in which some observations on the dependent variable corresponding to known sets of independent variables are not observable (Heckman, 1974; Judge et al., 1985; Maddala, 1983). In a sense, the extent of the labour force participation of rural women is observed