MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS (2nd Edition) MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS (2nd Edition) S.P. Venkateshan Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, INDIA John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mechanical Measurements (2nd Edition) © 2015 S.P. Venkateshan First Edition: 2008 Reprint: 2009, 2010, 2013 Second Edition: 2015 This Edition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd The Atrium, Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)1243 779777 Fax : +44 (0)1243 775878 e-mail :
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[email protected] Web: athenaacademic.com ISBN : 978-11-1911-556-4 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Library Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Dedicated to the Shakkottai Family Preface to the second edition The second edition of the book has been thoroughly revised and all errors that have come to my notice have been corrected. Additions have been made at various places in the book. Notable additions are in the statistical analysis of measured data in Module I. Important questions regarding normality of deviations and identification of outliers have been discussed in great detail. These should interest the advanced reader who is looking for an understanding of these issues. Thermistors have been described in greater detail in Chpater 4. Also, the line reversal technique of measuring gas temperature has been described in greater detail. Theory of the integrating sphere has been discussed in detail in Chapter 12. Module V has been augmented with more examples from laboratory practice. Exercises are now positioned at the end of each module. Many new exercise problems have been added in this edition. The modules have been rearranged with the number of chapters going up by one to a total of sixteen chapters in this edition. Many references are indicated as footnotes in the text apart from the bibliography and the list of references given in the Appendix. All illustrations have been redrawn for this edition using ‘tikz’ - a program environment compatible with ‘latex’. All graphs have been replotted for this edition using QtiP