E-Book Overview
Edition after edition, Robert Julien’s A Primer of Drug Action keeps pace with one of the most dynamic fields of scientific inquiry, giving students immediate access to the most current research and promising new directions in psychopharmacology. Rigorously updated throughout, the new edition again takes its place as the definitive guide to the drugs that affect the mind and behavior. As always, it is clear, comprehensive, objective, and authoritative, spanning a wide variety of drug types, including sedatives, depressants, stimulants, analgesics, psychedelic drugs, steroids, and drugs used to treat psychological disorders.
E-Book Content
Fred Tomaselli Ectoplasmic Event over New Jerusalem, 2001 Pills, leaves, insects, photocollage, acrylic, and resin on wood panel 72”× 96” Copyright the artist Courtesy James Cohan Gallery, New York. Fred Tomaselli (born in 1956 in Santa Monica, California) has exhibited widely in the United States and abroad. His work is included in many private and public collections, including the Sintra Museum of Modern Art in Sintra, Portugal, and the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. In the 1990s Tomaselli first gained attention for his collage-based paintings composed of painted lines and various forms of psychoactive drugs, pills, and marijuana leaves. He lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. A PRIMER OF DRUG ACTION Senior Publisher: Catherine Woods Acquisitions Editor: Erik Gilg Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre Art Director and Cover Designer: Barbara Reingold Associate Managing Editor: Tracey Kuehn Project Editor: Penelope Hull Illustration Coordinator: Bill Page Illustrations: Matt Holt, Lyndall Culbertson, Dragonfly Graphics, TSI Graphics Photo Editor: Ted Szczepanski Production Manager: Barbara Anne Seixas Composition: TSI Graphics Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933047 ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-3343-9 ISBN-10: 1-4292-3343-5 © 2001, 2005, 2008, 2011 by Worth Publishers All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing 2010 Worth Publishers 41 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10010 www.worthpublishers.com A PRIMER OF DRUG ACTION A comprehensive guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs TWELFTH EDITION ROBERT M. JULIEN, M.D., PH.D. Portland, Oregon CLAIRE D. ADVOKAT, PH.D. Louisiana State University JOSEPH E. COMATY, PH.D., M.P. Louisiana State Office of Behavioral Health WORTH PUBLISHERS This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xi Part 1 Introduction to Psychopharmacology: How Drugs Interact with the Body and the Brain 1 1 Pharmacokinetics: How Drugs Are Handled by the Body 3 Drug Absorption / Drug Distribution / Termination of Drug Action / Time Course of Drug Distribution and Elimination: Concept of Drug Half-Life / Therapeutic Drug Monitoring / Drug Tolerance and Dependence 2 Pharmacodynamics: How Drugs Act 36 Receptors for Drug Action / Dose-Response Relationships / Drug Safety and Effectiveness 3 The Neuron, Synaptic Transmission, and Neurotransmitters 60 Overall Organization of the Brain / The Neuron / Specific Neurotransmitters v vi CONTENTS Part 2 Drugs Used to Treat Psychological Disorders 89 4 Antipsychotic Drugs: Major Tranquilizers to 91 Thymic Stabilizers Schizophrenia / Historical Background and Classification of Antipsychotic Drugs / CATIE and CUtLASS Studies / FirstGeneration Antipsychotic Drugs: Phenothiazines / Alternative First-Generation Antipsychotics / Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotic Agents / Prominent Side Effects of SecondGeneration Antipsychotics / New Ag