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Fiberglass Pipe Design AWWA MANUAL M45 First Edition FOUNDED 1881 American Water Works Association Copyright (C) 1999 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved MANUAL OF WATER SUPPLY PRACTICES ---- M45, First Edition Fiberglass Pipe Design Copyright © 1996 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Project Manager and Technical Editor: Sharon Pellowe Copy Editor: Martha Ball Production Editor: Alan Livingston Production Artist: Karen Staab Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data "Fiberglass pipe design manual." xviii, 159p. 17×25 cm.--(Manual of water supply operations: M45) Includes bibliographical (p. ) references and index. ISBN 0-89867-889-7 1. water-pipes. 2. Pipe, glass. I. Series. II. Series: /AWWA manual: M45 TD491.A49 no. M45 97-4036 628.1′ 5----dc21 CIP Printed in the United States of America American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235 ISBN 0-89867-889-7 Printed on recycled paper Copyright (C) 1999 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved Contents List of Figures, vii List of Tables, xi Preface, xiii Foreword, xv Acknowledgments, xvii Chapter 1 History and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction, 1 History, 1 Applications, 2 Standards, Specifications, and Reference Documents, 2 Terminology, 6 Chapter 2 Materials, Properties, and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 General, 7 Characteristics, 7 The Material System, 8 Glass Fiber Reinforcements, 8 Resins, 9 Other Components, 10 Physical Properties, 11 Mechanical Properties, 12 Chapter 3 Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3.1 Introduction, 15 3.2 Filament Winding, 15 3.3 Centrifugal Casting, 18 References, 20 Chapter 4 Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.1 Hydraulic Characteristics, 21 4.2 Preliminary Pipe Sizing, 21 4.3 Typical Pipe Diameters, 22 4.4 Pressure Loss Calculations, 23 4.5 Head Loss in Fittings, 27 4.6 Energy Consumption Calculation Procedure, 29 4.7 Transient Pressures, 31 References, 34 Chapter 5 Buried Pipe Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.1 Introduction, 35 5.2 Design Terminology, 35 iii Copyright (C) 1999 American Water Works Association All Rights Reserved Chapter 5 Buried Pipe Design—continued 5.3 Design Conditions, 36 5.4 Pipe Properties, 38 5.5 Installation Parameters, 38 5.6 Design Procedure, 39 5.7 Design Calculations and Requirements, 39 5.8 Axial Loads, 54 5.9 Special Design Considerations, 54 5.10 Design Examples, 54 References, 71 Chapter 6 Guidelines for Underground Installation of Fiberglass Pipe . . 73 6.1 Introduction, 73 6.2 Related Documents, 74 6.3 Terminology, 75 6.4 In Situ Soils, 77 6.5 Embedment Materials, 77 6.6 Trench Excavation, 80 6.7 Pipe Installation, 82 6.8 Field Monitoring, 87 6.9 Contract Document Recommendations, 88 References, 88 Chapter 7 Buried Pipe Thrust Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Unbalanced Thrust Forces, 91 Thrust Resistance, 92 Thrust Blocks, 93 Joints With Small Deflections, 95 Restrained (Tied) Joints, 99 Chapter 8 Aboveground Pipe Design and Installation . . . . . . . . . . 103 8.1 Introduction, 103 8.2 Test Methods and Physical Properties, 103 8.3 Internal Pressure Rating, 1