Analytical Chemistry In The Exploration, Mining And Processing Of Materials. Plenary Lectures Presented At The International Symposium On Analytical Chemistry In The Exploration, Mining And Processing Of Materials, Johannesburg, Rsa, 23–27 August 1976

Organizing Committee Chairman: A. Strasheim Members: R. R. Arndt J.K. Basson H. Beyers L.R.P. Butler P.C. Carman M. de Havilland W. deWet T.A. du Plessis W.R. Flook C. Frick W. Herzberg M. Harris P. Jochens W.R. Liebenberg P.leR. Malherbe M. Mrost M. Reeler V. Schuler P.G. Sevenster T.W. Steele F.W.E. Strelow International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Analytical Chemistry Division) and (Applied Chemistry Division) in conjunction with Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Analytical Chemistry in the Exploration, Mining and Processing of Materials Plenary lectures presented at the International Symposium on Analytical Chemistry in the Exploration, Mining and Processing of Materials, Johannesburg, RSA, 23 « 27 August 1976 Symposium Editors: A. Strasheim National Physical Research Laboratory, CSIR T.W. Steele National Institute for Metallurgy PERGAMON PRESS OXFORD • NEW YORK • TORONTO • SYDNEY • PARIS • FRANKFURT U.K. U.S.A. CANADA AUSTRALIA Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523, U.S.A. Pergamon of Canada Ltd., 75 The East Mall, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Pergamon Press (Aust.) Pty. Ltd., 19a Boundary Street, Rushcutters Bay, N.S.W. 2011, Australia FRANCE Pergamon Press SARL, 24 rue des Ecoles, 75240 Paris, Cedex 05, France FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Pergamon Press GmbH, 6242 Kronberg-Taunus, Pferdstrasse 1, Fedeial Republic of Germany Copyright © 1 9 7 8 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry A11 Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the copyright holders The contents of this book appear in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 49, No. 10 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data International Symposium on Analytical Chemistry in the Exploration, Mining and Processing of Materials, Johannesburg, 1976. Analytical chemistry in the exploration, mining and processing of materials. 1. Mining engineering - Congresses 2. Mineralogical Chemistry Congresses 3. Chemistry, Analytic - Congresses I. Title II. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry Division III. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Applied Chemistry Division. IV. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. V. Strasheim, A. VI. Steele, T.W. 622'.01'543 TN153 77-30487 ISBN 0-08-021199-2 Printed in Great Britain by A. Wheaton & Co. Ltd., Exeter Pure & Appl. Chem. _, Vol. 49, pp. 1465 - 1473,. Pergamon Press, 1977. Printed in Great Britain. PRIMARY COAL - ANALYTICAL NEEDS William Hook Carbonization Scientist, National Coal Board, Team Valley,Gateshead,England Abstract - Coal differs from other minerals in that its properties vary throughout the coalification series lignite - bituminous coal anthracite• The properties of the various ranks of coals are important in deciding the application of the coals in industry and the analytical needs for primary coal are those determinations which enable the correct assessment of quality and consistency to be made and enhance the utilization in modern industry and environmental conservation. The analytical needs cover three sets of parameters associated with chemical quality, physical nature and condition, and rank fundamental properties. INTRODUCTION "Analytical Chemistry" as involved in the evaluation and utilization of coal has not, until recent years, been of a very high degree of sophistication. The relatively simple testing procedures were inherent in the very nature of the material and