This introductory level text addresses the broad range of nonequilibrium phenomena observed at short time scales. It focuses on the important questions of correlations and memory effects in dense interacting systems. Experiments on very short time scales are characterized, in particular, by strong correlations far from equilibrium, by nonlinear dynamics, and by the related phenomena of turbulence and chaos. The impressive successes of experiments using pulsed lasers to study the properties of matter and of the new methods of analysis of the early phases of heavy ion reactions have necessitated a review of the available many-body theoretical methods. The aim of this book is thus to provide an introduction to the experimental and theoretical methods that help us to understand the behaviour of such systems when disturbed on very short time scales. The contributions are written in a tutorial style and are largely self-contained, allowing graduate students and researchers alike to become familiar with this exciting interdisciplinary field.
Nonequilibrium Physics at Short Time Scales Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Physics and Astronomy ONLINE LIBRARY springeronline.com Klaus Morawetz (Ed.) Nonequilibrium Physics at Short Time Scales Formation of Correlations With 173 Figures i Springer Dr. Klaus Morawetz Institut fur Physik Technische Universităt Chemnitz Reichenhainer Str. 70 09107 Chemnitz, Germany Email:
[email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nonequilibrium physics at short time scales: formation of correlations 1 Klaus Morawetz (ed.). p.cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-05745-8 ISBN 978-3-662-08990-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08990-3 Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. 2. Many-body problem. 3. Electron configurat ion. 1. Morawetz, Klaus, 1963- 1. QCI74.86.N65N662004 530.13--dc22 2003061496 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publicat ion or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permis sion for use must always be obtained from Springer-V erlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH . Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg N ew York in 2004 Softcover reprint of the bardcover lst edition 2004 © The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Authors and LE-TJ3lC GbR, Leipzig using a Springer E-TJ3lC macro package Production: LE-TJ3lC Jelonek, Schmidt & V6ckler GbR, Leipzig Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10906255 57/3141/YL 54 32 1o Preface This book is the result of the many discussions and collaborations that developed from the seven previous workshops held on this topic. This ongoing series of interdisciplinary workshops provided an opportunity for the presentation and exchange of results describing nonequilibriu