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Advances in COMPUTERS VOLUME 2 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in COMPUTERS edited b y F R A N Z L A L T National Bureau of Standards Washington, D. C. associate editors A. D. BOOTH R. E. MEAGHER VOLUME 2 Aoademio Press New York London 1 9 6 1 COPYRIGHT @ 1961, BY ACADEMIC PRESS INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRIlTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS] EXCEPT A S STATED I N THE FIRST FOOTNOTE ON PAQB m a mr a. PAGE 135 ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTHAVENUE NEWYORK3, NEWYORK United Kingdom Ediliun Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 17 OLDQUEENSTREET, LONDON, S.W. 1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-15761 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contributors to Volume 2 PHILIPJ. DAVIS,National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D . C. JIMDOUGLAS, JR., Department of Mathematics, Rice University, Houston, Texas SAULI . GAS, Federal Systems Division, International Business Machines, Washington, D . C. ROBERTMCNAUGHTON, Moore School of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvnnia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PHILIPRABINOWITZ, Department of Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel KENNETH R. SHOULDERS, Applied Physics Laboratory, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Preface The success of the first volume of Advances in Computers confirms the expectation that there was a real need for publications of this kind. Indeed, this could have been inferred from the emergence, during the past few years, of similar series in a large number of fi