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Copyright©2001, 1998, 1995, 1991, 1988 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to the following address: Permissions Department, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0-03-029167-4 012 355 765432 CONTENTS Correlation of Chapters in GOB 6/e and OB 4/e iv Suggested Course Outlines v - xv Answers to Even-Numbered Problems 1-87 Bettelheim, Brown & March Correlation of Chapters in General, Organic & Biochemistry, 6/e and Organic & Biochemistry, 4/e Chapter title GOB 6/e OB4/e Matter, Energy, and Measurement Atoms Chemical Bonds Chemical Reactions Gases, Liquids, and Solids Solutions and Colloids Reaction Rates and Equilibrium Acids and Bases Nuclear Chemistry Organic Chemistry Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alkenes and Alkynes Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols Benzene and Its Derivatives Chirality Amines Aldehydes and Ketones Carboxylic Acids, Anhydrides, Esters, Amides Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Enzymes Chemical Communication: Neurotransmitters and Hormones Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Heredity Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism Biosynthetic Pathways Nutrition and Digestion Immunochemistry Body Fluids Chap. 1 Chap. 2 Chap. 3 Chap. 4 Chap. 5 Chap. 6 Chap. 7 Chap. 8 Chap. 9 Chap. 10 Chap. 1 1 Chap. 12 Chap. 13 Chap. 14 Chap. 15 Chap. 16 Chap. 17 Chap. 18 Chap. 19 Chap. 20 Chap. 2 1 Chap. 22 Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. 23 Chap. 24 Chap. 25 Chap. 14 Chap. 15 Chap. 16 Chap. 26 Chap. 17 Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. Chap. 18 Chap. 19 Chap. 20 Chap. 21 Chap. 22 iv 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SUGGESTED COURSE OUTLINES Introduction to General, Organic & Biochemistry, 6/e The first column, 3Q, lists sessions in a three-quarter course (28 sessions per quarter). The second column, 2S, lists sessions in a two-semester course (up to 43 per semester). The third column, 2Q, lists sessions in a two-quarter course (up to 4 1 per quarter). Session 2S 3Q 2Q � � � TOPICS 1 1 1 Scientific method, measurements 1. 1-1.4 2 2 2 Unit conversions, states of matter 1.5 - 1.6 3 3 3 Density, energy, heat 1.7 - 1-9 4 4 4 Classification of matter, atomic theory, inside the atom 2. 1- 2.4 5 5 5 Periodic table, electronic structure 2.5 - 2.6 6 6 6 Electronic configuration and periodic table, size of atoms 2.7 -2.8 TEXT SECTION First hour exam 7 8 7 7 Ions, ionic bonding 3. 1- 3.3 9 8 8 Covalent bonding and shapes of molecules 3.4 -3.5 10 9 9 Factors in bonding, polyatomic ions, inorganic nomenclature 3.6-3.8 10 10 First hour exam 11 11 11 Formula weight, moles, equation balancing 4. 1-4.4 12 12 12 Stoichiometry,