Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Theory And Practice

GREEN CORROSION INHIBITORS GREEN CORROSION INHIBITORS Theory and Practice V. S. SASTRI Copyright Ó 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Sastri, V. S. (Vedula S.), 1935Green corrosion inhibitors : theory and practice / V.S. Sastri. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-45210-3 (cloth) 1. Corrosion and anti-corrosives. 2. Corrosion and anti-corrosives—Environmental aspects. 3. Green products. 4. Environmental chemistry—Industrial applications. I. Title. TA462.S3187 2011 620.10 1223—dc22 2010043327 Printed in Singapore oBook ISBN: 978-1-118-01543-8 ePDF ISBN: 978-1-118-01417-2 ePub ISBN: 978-1-118-01541-4 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Sri Vighneswara, Sri Venkateswara, Sri Anjaneya, Sri Satya Sai Baba, and my parents, teachers, wife Bonnie, and children Anjali Eva Sastri and Martin Anil Kumar Sastri CONTENTS Preface 1 Introduction and Forms of Corrosion xiii 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Definition, 1 Developments in Corrosion Science, 2 Development of Some Corrosion-Related Phenomena , 3 Economics of Corrosion, 7 Safety and Environmental Considerations, 9 Forms of Corrosion, 10 1.6.1 General Corrosion, 11 1.6.2 Galvanic Corrosion, 11 1.6.3 Crevice Corrosion, 12 1.6.4 Pitting Corrosion, 13 1.6.5 Dealloying or Selective Leaching, 14 1.6.6 Intergranular Corrosion, 14 1.6.7 Cavitation Damage, 17 1.6.8 Fretting Corrosion, 18 1.6.9 Corrosion Fatigue, 19 1.6.10 Stress-Corrosion Cracking, 20 1.7 Corrosion Inhibition, 23 References, 27 vii viii 2 CONTENTS Electrochemical Principles and Corrosion Monitoring 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Thermodynamic Basis,