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An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms Mitchell Melanie A Bradford Book The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts • London, England Fifth printing, 1999 First MIT Press paperback edition, 1998 Copyright © 1996 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Set in Palatino by Windfall Software using ZzTEX. Library of Congress Cataloging−in−Publication Data Mitchell, Melanie. An introduction to genetic algorithms / Melanie Mitchell. p. cm. "A Bradford book." Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0−262−13316−4 (HB), 0−262−63185−7 (PB) 1. Genetics—Computer simulation.2. Genetics—Mathematical models.I. Title. QH441.2.M55 1996 575.1'01'13—dc20 95−24489 CIP 1 Table of Contents An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms............................................................................................................1 Mitchell Melanie......................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Genetic Algorithms: An Overview.................................................................................................2 Overview..................................................................................................................................................2 1.1 A BRIEF HISTORY OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION.....................................................2 1.2 THE APPEAL OF EVOLUTION.....................................................................................................4 1.3 BIOLOGICAL TERMINOLOGY.....................................................................................................5 1.4 SEARCH SPACES AND FITNESS LAND