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Year: 2,010
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Edition: 9th Edition
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Pages: 670
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Pages In File: 670
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Language: English
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Topic: 38
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Issue: 2011 12 30
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Identifier: 0073369403,9780073369402
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Ddc: 550
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Lcc: QE28.2 .M34 2010
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Paginated: 1
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Org File Size: 138,679,055
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Extension: pdf
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Tags: Горно-геологическая отрасль Геология
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Toc: Cover......Page 1Title Page......Page 4Copyright......Page 5Contents......Page 7Preface......Page 141 Introducing Geology, the Essentials of Plate Tectonics, and Other Important Concepts......Page 28Supplying Things We Need......Page 29Avoiding Geologic Hazards......Page 30Earth Systems......Page 36Internal Processes: How the Earth’s Internal Heat Engine Works......Page 38Earth’s Interior......Page 39Divergent Boundaries......Page 40Convergent Boundaries......Page 43Surficial Processes: The Earth’s External Heat Engine......Page 45Geologic Time......Page 50SUMMARY......Page 512 Earth’s Interior and Geophysical Properties......Page 54Evidence from Seismic Waves......Page 55The Crust......Page 57The Mantle......Page 58The Core......Page 60Isostasy......Page 63Gravity Measurements......Page 65Earth’s Magnetic Field......Page 66Magnetic Reversals......Page 68Magnetic Anomalies......Page 69Geothermal Gradient......Page 71Heat Flow......Page 72SUMMARY......Page 743 The Sea Floor......Page 78Methods of Studying the Sea Floor......Page 79Continental Shelves and Continental Slopes......Page 81Submarine Canyons......Page 83Turbidity Currents......Page 84Passive Continental Margins......Page 85Abyssal Plains......Page 86Oceanic Trenches......Page 87Geologic Activity at the Ridges......Page 88Fracture Zones......Page 89Seamounts, Guyots, and Aseismic Ridges......Page 90Reefs......Page 91Oceanic Crust and Ophiolites......Page 93SUMMARY......Page 964 Plate Tectonics......Page 100The Early Case for Continental Drift......Page 102Skepticism about Continental Drift......Page 104Paleomagnetism and the Revival of Continental Drift......Page 105Recent Evidence for Continental Drift......Page