In The Second Degree: Paratextual Literature In Ancient Near Eastern And Ancient Mediterranean Culture And Its Reflections In Medieval Literature

In the Second Degree In the Second Degree Paratextual Literature in Ancient Near Eastern and Ancient Mediterranean Culture and Its Reflections in Medieval Literature Edited by Philip S. Alexander, Armin Lange and Renate J. Pillinger LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data In the second degree : paratextual literature in ancient Near Eastern and ancient Mediterranean culture and its reflections in medieval literature / edited by Philip S. Alexander, Armin Lange and Renate J. Pillinger. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-18773-3 (acid-free paper) 1. Comparative literature—Classical and medieval. 2. Comparative literature—Medieval and classical. 3. Paratext. 4. Middle Eastern literature—History and criticism. 5. Apocryphal books—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 6. Literature, Ancient—History and criticism. 7. Literature, Medieval—History and criticism. 8. Rabbinical literature—History and criticism. 9. Collective memory and literature. 10. Intertextuality. I. Alexander, Philip S. II. Lange, Armin, 1961- III. Pillinger, Renate. IV. Title. PN610.I5 2010 809’.01—dc22 2010036394 ISBN 978 90 04 18773 3 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. In memoriam Alfred Ebenbauer (13.10.1945–11.08.2007) CONTENTS Abbreviations ..................................................................................... Preface ................................................................................................. ix xiii INTRODUCTION In the Second Degree: Ancient Jewish Paratextual Literature in the Context of Graeco-Roman and Ancient Near Eastern Literature ......................................................................................... Armin Lange 3 PART I ANCIENT JUDAISM Hypertextuality and the “Parabiblical” Dead Sea Scrolls ............ George J. Brooke 43 The Book of Jubilees as Paratextual Literature .............................. Jacques T. A. G. M. van Ruiten 65 PART II GRAECO-ROMAN WORLD Trojan Palimpsests: The Relation of Greek Tragedy to the Homeric Epics ................................................................................ Annemarie Ambühl The Homeric Epics as Palimpsests ................................................. Georg Danek 99 123 viii contents PART III ANCIENT EGYPT AND THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST From Ritual to Text to Intertext: A New Look on the Dreams in Ludlul Bēl Nēmeqi .................................................................... Beate Pongratz-Leisten 139 Priestly Texts, Recensions, Rewritings and Paratexts in the Late Egyptian Period ..................................................................... Sydney H. Aufrère 159 PART IV LATE ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL PARATEXTUAL LITERATURE Rabbinic Paratexts: The Case of Midrash Lamentations Rabba ............................................................................................... Philip S. Alexander 183 Some Considerations on Enoch/Metatron in the Jewish