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Despite the advances in understanding the phenomena that occur on a catalyst surface, much of the successful catalyst development and use continues to be half science and half art. The art resides in the practical knowledge of experts in the development and use of commercial catalysts-it comes with experience. Now the background needed to nurture the experience and inspire the art is collected along with the science into a single volume.Whether called upon to select or improve a catalyst, design a process, diagnose operating problems, or improve existing processes, the Handbook of Commercial Catalysts provides the information needed to form a basis for the task. It offers a starting point by providing a broad overview of 150 major commercial processes and the heterogeneous catalyst used for each. The author has arranged them according to specific reaction or reaction type, and supplies reference citations for deeper research. He offers valuable insghts-based on chemistry, thermodynamics, and surface science-that provide a framework for rational reasoning about catalyst performance.With data collected from the existing literature, from the in-house specialists of commercial vendors, and from his own extensive experience, the author discusses for each reaction:Product usesChemistryMechanismCatalyst typeCatalyst suppliers and licensorsCatalyst deactivationCatalyst regenerationProcess unitsProcess kineticsArmed with this information, the reader can begin rational analysis of an existing or planned reaction system and logically discuss catalyst characteristics and operations with technical representative of catalyst manufacturers and with colleagues.
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HANDBOOK OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS HOWARD F. RASE The W.A. Cunningham Professor in Chemical Engineering, Emeritus Department of Chemical Engineering The University ofTexas Austin, Texas CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with pennission. and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable effons have been made to publish reliable data and information. but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any pan may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying. microfilming. and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution. for promotion, for creating new works. or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC. 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton. Aorida 33431. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation. without intent to infringe. Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com © 2000 by CRC Press LLC No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 0-8493-9417-1 Printed in the United States of America 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface This handbook is written for chemical engineers and chemists who are involved in selecting or improving an existing process. It has been my goal to supply information based on the open literature that you can use to quickly gain background on a particular process or catalyst. For each reaction that is presented, the following topics are discussed. • •