SEVENTH EDITION Psychological Testing Principles, Applications, and Issues This page intentionally left blank SEVENTH EDITION Psychological Testing Principles, Applications, and Issues Robert M. Kaplan University of California, Los Angeles Dennis P. Saccuzzo San Diego State University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, Seventh Edition © 2009, 2005 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning Robert M. Kaplan, Dennis P. Saccuzzo ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or Editor: Jaime Perkins by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not Editorial Assistant: Wilson Co limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web Technology Project Manager: Amy Cohen distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the Marketing Manager: Kim Russell Marketing Assistant: Molly Felz 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Marketing Communications Manager: Talia Wise Project Manager, Editorial Production: Charlene M. Carpentier For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. Creative Director: Rob Hugel For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
[email protected] Art Director: Vernon Boes Print Buyer: Linda Hsu Permissions Editor: Bob Kauser Production Service: Newgen–Austin Text Designer: Lisa Henry Photo Researcher: Darren Wright Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927883 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-09555-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-09555-9 Copy Editor: Mary Ann Grobbel Cover Designer: Larry Didona Cover Image: “Geometric shapes below clouds” ©Pete Turner/The Image Bank/Getty Images Wadsworth 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Compositor: Newgen Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at international.cengage.com/region. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit academic.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10 09 08 BRIEF CONTENTS PA R T I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PA R T I I PR I NCI PLES Introduction 1 Norms and Basic Statistics for Testing 25 Correlation and Regression 65 Reliability 101 Validity 133 Writing and Evaluating Test Items 157 Test Administration 185 APPLIC ATIONS 8 Interviewing Techniques 201 9 Theories of Intelligence and the Binet Scales 229 10 The Wechsler Intelligence Scales: WAIS-III, WISC-IV, 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 PA R T I I I and WPPSI-III 249 Other Individual Tests of Ability in Education and Sp